PREHISTORIC TIMES IN BRITAIN. 555 



ticus, whicli show that in S. cristatus the antero-posterior length of 

 the third molars is much greater in relation to that of the rest of 

 the molar series than it is in either of the other Suidae named. I 

 have above, p. 534, noted that the sexual differences in this matter 

 are very considerable in 8. cristatus ; and those produced by domes- 

 tication are also not insignificant — points which somewhat impair 

 the value of these statements of relative proportions, though no 

 less an authority than Riitimeyer avers, ' Fauna der Pfahlbauten,^ 

 p. 188, that 



* mit viel grosser er ZdhigJceit das Gehiss den Species-Typus dusseren Einflussen ge- 

 geniiber aufrecht halt als die Schddelbildung.' 



(Cf. however Nathusius, I. c. pp. 49, 103, and Studer, ' Mittheil. 

 Ant. Gesell. Ziirich,' xix. 3, 1876, p. 67.) Professor Busk also 

 observes that in S. cristatus nearly all the teeth, except molar 3, 

 are wider in both jaws in proportion to their length than they are 

 in the other two, and that from this we may suppose that the 

 Indian pig is more exclusively herbivorous than the tame or wild 

 animals with which he has compared it. Jerdon speaks of S. cris- 

 tatus, I. c. p. ^43, as being in general almost entirely ' vegetable 

 feeders.'' Captain Baldwin's views ('The Game of India,' pp. 154-5, 

 1876) are to the same effect. 



Professor Busk's drawing and description of this Etruscan pig, 

 coupled with a similar figure of a pig found in the ruins of Hercu- 

 laneum (see Nathusius, I. c. p. 142, fig. ^^j and Darwin, I. c. p. 71), 

 furnishes a good illustration of Biitimeyer's saying ('Fauna der 

 Pfahlbauten,' p. 190), that though the modern breed of domestic 

 pigs is recent enough to have been introduced by steamboats, it 

 nevertheless had been represented continuously from former ages by 

 the Biindtner-Schwein in the valleys of the Grisons. A figure of 

 a sow suckling three young ones may be seen on an Umbrian medal 

 of probably the third century B.C. at latest, figured by M. Sambon, 

 in his 'Monnaies Antiques de FItalie,' 1870, pi. v. 5, with the 

 short snout bent on the chanfrin, the pendent ears, and the mane 

 limited to the nuchal region, which justify us in considering it to 

 have been intended to represent a tame variety. A pig, figured 

 ibidem^ pi. iv. 4, from Etruria has a snout of such slenderness as to 

 correspond very closely with the description given of 8. scrofa, var. 

 palustris, whilst it contrasts in other points very strikingly with the 

 wild boars represented from Apulia and Lucania, on the other side 



