CEMETERY AT FRILFOBD. 617 



of this, the entire calvaria shows a more evenly ovoidal contour 

 than the skulls composing the rest of this series. These crania 

 were found in graves in which no relics, except in one instance a 

 nail, were found, and which ran in the ordinary semi-oriented 

 Romano-British direction. And, so far as the brain case is con- 

 cerned, these crania might be looked upon as embodying the result 

 of intermarriages of the broader ' Sion ' type with the narrow 

 * Hohberg ' type, and corresponding with the ' Misch-Form ' spoken 

 of by His at p. 49 of the ' Crania Helvetica.' And they might 

 perhaps be considered as representing the inevitable result of the 

 settlement of a large Roman immigration in the midst of a dolicho- 

 cephalic Celtic people. But, inasmuch as these crania show a not 

 inconsiderable tendency to prognathism, and resemble herein the 

 Anglo-Saxon, and differ from the Romano-British series, I incline 

 to think they may have belonged to Christianised Anglo-Saxons 

 who died before the churchyard had superseded the cemetery, but 

 after the custom of burial* with insignia had given way to the 

 urgency with which its anti-Christian character may have been 

 represented to the convert. The hypothesis of poverty will account 

 for the absence of relics, but I do not incline to accept it here, 

 partly on account of the presence of a nail, which may seem to 

 imply the employment of a coffin in one of the interments, and 

 partly on account of the resemblance which these skulls show to 

 the male Anglo-Saxon cranium (No. ^6, Researches at Long Wit- 

 tenham, ' Archaeologia/ vol. xxxviii.) and to a female Anglo-Saxon 

 cranium obtained for me by the kindness of the Rev. R. Taylor, 

 from the Kemble Cemetery, described by Mr. Akerman in the 

 ' Archaeologia,' 1 856, vol. xxxvii, in neither of which cases have we 

 reason to suspect the existence of straitened means. 



The name of Magnus Maxim us, the Maxen-lwedig of the 

 Mabinogion, forbids us to think that in the days of Gratian there 

 could have been, either in modes of life or in modes of burial, 

 much difference between a Roman and a Romano-Briton. Tenants 

 of leaden coffins must, from the expensive character of their inter- 

 ment, have been persons of distinction, such as were the ' Equites ' ^ 

 under the Roman empire ; but Roman citizenship no more implied 

 Roman blood in the days of Ambrose than it did in those of 



^ See Kemble's * Saxons in England,' ii. 272 ; Pearson's ' History of England,' i. 45 ; 

 Coote's 'Neglected Fact in English History,' pp. 40, 45. 



