618 EXCAVATIONS IN AN ANCIENT 



St. Paul. The Notitia ^, indeed, informs us that races such as the 

 Tungrians, Dacians, Moors, Cilicians, and Dalmatians, as well as 

 Spaniards, Gauls and Germans, were employed by the imperial 

 policy to hold Britain at the foot of Rome. 



But if it is at all possible to separate and distinguish, when one 

 is treating of the times of Maximus, between a Romano-British 

 and a Roman interment, it may be possible to do so in such cases as 

 those of the two interments in leaden coffins already described. The 

 tenants of these coffins must at least have been persons of wealth, 

 and in the enjoyment during their lifetime of all the distinctive 

 characteristics which still remained attached to the title *Civis 

 Romanus.' It is true that' coins were found with the one and not 

 with the other of these two skeletons, but in all other particulars 

 attending their sepulture they seem to have very closely resembled 

 each other. But when we come to compare their crania we find 

 that while that of the skeleton found with coins is of an elegantly 

 vaulted and lofty form, that of the other is low, broad, and globose. 

 Professor His would speak of the one as belonging to his ' Hoh- 

 berg,' and of the other as belonging to his ' Sion ' ti/pus. The skull 

 of the former differs but little, and that chiefly in the way of refine- 

 ment, from the elongated and vaulted crania procured from British 

 barrows of a pre-Roman period, such as the long barrow at Nether 

 Swell, near Stow-on-the-Wold (Article xviii).. calvariae from which I 

 have side by side with that of this Roman from the leaden coffin as I 

 write ; the skull of the latter is as broad and low as another equally 

 authentic ' Roman ' cranium of about the same period, figured by 

 Professor Ecker at pi. xx. of his ' Crania Germaniae.'' So far, then, 

 as these crania bear upon the argumentation as to whether the 

 Roman skull was an elongated and vaulted, or an elongated and 

 broad and flat skull, we may at first sight be tempted to rest in the 

 conclusion that both types were equally and alike found in the 

 imperial race. I believe, however, that it is possible to show that 

 we should be wrong in considering with Professor His ^ that the 



^ See 'Koman City of Uriconium,' by J. Corbet Anderson, Esq., p. 129; and 

 Holder, 'Archiv fur Anthropologie,' ii. i, 88; Taylor, 'Words and Places,' p. 284, 

 ibique citata. 



^ 'Arch, fiir Anthrop.' i. I, p. 70; 'Crania Helvetica,' p. 38. One of the Hohberg 

 type skulls is supposed by the authors to have come from a cemetery the graves in 

 which were oriented, and contained swords and spear-heads as well as coins. This 

 however does not prove that they belonged to Roman soldiers, but rather the contrary. 

 See 'Cran, Helv.' p. 21, note. 



