I 



CEMETERY AT FRILFORD. 619 



former of these types, which he has also spoken of as the aristocratic 

 type of head, is really the Eoman skull par excellence. First, as it 

 seems to me, the Romans themselves considered theirs to be a 

 broad rather than a lofty-headed race. In looking at Koman 

 monuments as reproduced for us in such works as Lindenschmit's 

 * Alterthiimer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit,' we cannot fail to be 

 struck by the great angle at which the ears stand out from the 

 head ; and this feature, a very striking and obvious one, is, as 

 observation on living ' eurycephalic ' persons will show, correlated 

 with a globose and bossy rather than with a vertically-walled and 

 narrow temporo-parietal region. The engraving of the beautiful 

 monument to Manlius Coelius, an oflBcer in the army of Varus, 

 given at Heft vi. Taf. v. of Lindenschmit's work, just referred to, 

 shows this peculiarity in the attachment of the external concha of 

 the ear in each of three heads it represents ; and much the same may 

 be said of the figures given Heft iv. Taf. vi.. Heft ix. Taf. iv., and 

 especially of the uppermost of the two figures in Heft viii. Taf. vi. 

 Busts also of the Roman emperors and of other Romans which are 

 recognised as more or less authentic speak to the same effect. 

 Secondly, we do find the broad and flat form of the cranium very 

 commonly in cemeteries of undoubted Roman character in England, 

 and the arched and centrally-ridged and narrow cranium we do find 

 in as undoubtedly British barrows. A skull, most singularly re- 

 sembling one of my globose platycephalic crania from Frilford, was^ 

 recently shown me by Canon Greenwell from a cemetery at Mar- 

 gate, where it had been found with Roman pottery, whilst the 

 ' Hohberg ' type of skull is the very form which Retzius describes 

 as the less common Celtic form, and calls, for the sake of dis- 

 tinguishing it, by the name 'Belgic^.' Thirdly, through the 

 kindness of Thomas Combe, Esq., M.A., of Oxford, I have had put 

 into my hands, and into the Oxford Museum, a skull, 'found in 

 excavating a house of the time of the Roman Republic, discovered 

 below a vineyard, near the baths of Caracalla, on the Via Appia,' 

 and this skull, though it belonged to a person of not more than 

 between twelve and fourteen years of age, enables me to understand 

 how the modern Italian anthropologist Maggiorani speaks of the 

 ancient Roman skull as a long but broad skull, oblong and four- 

 cornered, with broad interparietal and broad frontal regions. But 

 ^ • Ethnologische Schriften,' p. io8. 



