CEMETEBY AT FBILFORD. 621 



that they had the command of the comforts of civilisation. Whilst 

 the skulls in both cases present the appearances of refinement, the 

 other bones of the skeleton are much roughened by the develop- 

 ment upon them on the one hand of ridges for the insertion and 

 origin of muscles, and on the other of rheumatic (?) exostoses. And 

 these same bones show, in the one case, with considerable proba- 

 bility, and in the other with absolute certainty, that their owner had 

 been exposed, or exposed himself, to personal injury and violence, 

 and had, probably, been a soldier of much service in the stormy 

 times to which, in one case, the antiquarian relics enable us to 

 B assign his remains with perfect certainty. The left collar-bone 

 K belonging to the skull of the more globose and flatter outlines had 

 P undergone and repaired a comminuted fracture during life, and the 

 left metatarsal of the second toe of the foot of the same side, a bone 

 but rarely broken, had been broken, though less severely, than the 

 collar-bone, and had, like it, been repaired during life. A fall 

 from a horse may break a collar-bone, but injuries such as war 

 entails are suggested to us by a history like this. The other skull, 

 which was found with five coins, and which I have said may 

 probably be looked upon as having been produced by the action of 

 E/oman influences upon the more roughly-hewn dolichocephalic 

 Britons, was found in company with a left first rib, which had 

 anchylosed with its ossified costal cartilage, which again, like the 

 clavicle just above it, had its sternal articular end greatly enlarged. 

 It is possible that these peculiarities may have been the result of 

 exostotic disease, of which the other bones bear evidence, though 

 less marked evidence than the bones of the other skeleton with 



I which we are comparing them ; but for the reason conveyed in 

 these last words, as also because the abnormal appearances are not 

 repeated on the opposite side, I incline to ascribe them to the 

 working of some mechanical injury inflicted, possibly, in war, and 

 certainly many years before death. The owner of this skull had 

 lost, and was at the time of his death losing, teeth by caries \ and 

 was suffering and had suffered from exostosis in sympathy with it ; 

 the owner of the other had lost two of the molars of the right side 

 of the lower jaw early in life, and the molars of the corresponding 

 side in the upper jaw are little worn and suggestive of youth till we 

 ^ For an interesting history of dental caries, as observed in the ancient inhabitants 

 of Britain, see a paper by J. E. Mummery, Esq. 'Trans. Odont. Society,' 1869. 



