CEMETERY AT FRILFORD. 625 



The osteologieal peculiarities of this 'elongated oval Romano- 

 British type,' as seen at Frilford, show us that we have to deal, 

 there at least, with times of civilisation. For civilisation differs 

 from heathendom in nothing more markedly to the eye of the 

 craniologist than in the age to which persons who have lived under 

 its influences attain; and the long skulls of which I am now 

 speaking differ very strikingly from the long and narrow skulls 

 described by Dr. Thurnam in this very particular, that in very 

 many cases they belonged to very aged individuals ^. The greater 

 average stature of this variety of Celt (5 feet 8 inches as against 

 5 feet 6 inches of the older form) may perhaps be in like manner 

 ascribed to the greater civilisation and command of the means of 

 sustenance which we know them to have possessed. I have referred 

 eleven female skulls to this type as against twenty-one male ; the 

 female skulls in many cases approaching very closely to the pro- 

 portions of the medium-sized skulls ^, A much greater difference, 

 on the other hand — viz., as much as ^-^ inches, judging from the 

 average approximatively obtained from the measurement of the 

 long bones of ten women referred to this type— appears to have 

 existed between the statures of either sex in this type than exists 

 between the statures of modern ^ English men and women. It may 

 be said that the estimation of the stature by the various methods 

 which take one or more of the long bones as their standard, is 

 amenable always to several sources of fallacy, and more especially in 

 the case of female skeletons ; but in savage races * at the present 



^ See Dr. Thurnam, op. cit. p. 60. 



^ Huschke, ' Schadel, Hirn, und Seele,* p. 48 ; Holder, * Arch, fiir Anthropologie,' 

 ii. i,p. 55. 



^ The average height of 295 adult male patients examined in the Somerset County 

 Lunatic Asylum by Dr. Boyd, and recorded by him in the ' Philosophical Transactions ' 

 for 1861, p. 261, varied from 67.8 to 65 inches; that of 233 females from 63-2 to 61.6 

 inches. The average height of the modern German male is given by Vierordt in his 

 •Grundriss der Physiologic,' 2nd ed. p. 460, as 172 centimetres (5 feet 3I inches); 

 that of the German female as 164 (5 feet 2\ inches). In the long barrow explored by 

 Dr. Thurnam (I.e. p. 27) at Tilshead, three male skeletons varied in length from 

 5 feet 5 inches to 5 feet 8 inches, and three female skeletons from 4 feet 9 inches to 

 5 feet 3 inches. The average height of the dolichocephalic men from megalithic and 

 other long barrows is given by the same author (1. c. pp. 40, 41) as 5 feet 5 inches as 

 against 5 feet 9 inches for the brachycephalic men from circular barrows. 



* Sir Andrew Smith, K.C.B., has kindly informed me that he can safely state from 

 extensive observation made during seventeen years' residence in South Africa, that 

 the Aniakosa Kaffirs to the eastward of the Colony, average, men 5 feet 8^ inches, 

 women 5 feet i| inch. 



S S 



