K 



CEMETERY AT FRTLFORD. 633 



Indians; and when we find Sharon Turner, the historian of the 

 Anglo-Saxons, telling us ^ that Ethelbert, after his conversion by 

 Augustine, ' became distinguished as the author of the first written 

 Saxon laws which have descended to us, or which are known to 

 have been established, an important national benefit for which he 

 may have been indebted to his Christian teachers, as there is no 

 evidence that the Saxons wrote any compositions before,' we may 

 be inclined to think that the views of Guizot are nearer to the 

 truth than those of Ozanam ^^ Greenwood, and Rogge. 



We have historical, literary, archaeological, and anatomical 

 vidence for saying that two or more distinct varieties of men 

 existed both in England and France, both previously to and during 

 the periods of the Roman and of the Teutonic invasions and 

 dominations ^. The earliest Welsh traditions, Professor Pearson 

 informs me, speak 'of the social races inhabiting Britain, the 

 Kymry, the Lloegrwys, and the Brythons,' all descended from the 

 Kymry. The word * Kymry ' itself, however, has been supposed, 



^ 'History of the Anglo-Saxons,* i. 332. See also Taylor, 'Words and Places,' 

 p. 339, and per contra, Kemble, on Runes, * Archaeologia,' xxviii. 



^ Ozanam, however, cit. 'Merivale/ I.e. 187, says, 'Les lois de I'ancienne Germanic 

 ne nous sont connues que par les t6noignages incomplets des anciens, par la reduction 

 tardive des codes barbares, par les cotitumes du moyen age. II y reste done beaucoup 

 de contradictions, d'incertitudes, et de lacunes.' Gibbon may be shown to be simi- 

 larly self-contradictory by a comparison inter se of the following passages ; vol. i. 

 chap. ix. p. 362, ed. Milman, 1838 ; vol. vi. chap, xxxviii. p. 325 ; vol. v. chap. xxxi. 

 p. 317. The stories told of the two Gothic Princes in the two latter passages are 

 quite inconsistent with the statement contained in the first of the three, to the effect 

 that ' in the rude institutions of the barbarians of the woods of Germany we may 

 still distinguish the original principles of our present law and manners.' See Finla- 

 son's Introduction to Reeves' ' History of the English Law,' 1869, p. xl; and Professor 

 Pearson's ' Historical Maps,' 1869, where at p. vii. the Professor speaks of the Saxon 

 invaders as consisting of ' a few boat-loads of barbarians.' I agree as to the barbarism, 

 but differ as to the numbers of the Anglo-Saxons. Both these valuable works came 

 into my hands after the coming of these sheets from the printers. See per contra, 

 B. Thorpe, ' Ancient Laws and Institutes of England,' preface, p. xxii. 



^ Gibbon, v. 351, ed. 1838, says, ' If the princes of Britain relapsed into barbarism 

 whilst the cities studiously preserved the laws and manners of Rome, the whole island 

 must have been gradually divided by the distinction of two national parties.' See also 

 Pearson, I.e. pp. 99, 100; Coote's 'Neglected Fact in English History,' pp. 144, 149, 

 169 ; Skene's * Four Ancient Books of Wales ;' Gododin, ' Poems,' pp 382, 394, 412 ; 

 Broca, ' Recherches sur I'Ethnologie de la France,' Mdra. Soc. Anthrop. de Paris, 

 tom. i. i860 ; Sir William R. Wilde, 'Beauties of the Boyne,' pp. 229, 232 ; Dr. 

 Thumam, 'On the two principal forms of Ancient British and Gaulish Skulls,' 

 Memoirs of the Anthropological Society of London, vol. i. ibique citata ; Huxley, 

 'Prehistoric Remains of Caithness,' pp. 114, seqq. 



