634 EXCAVATIONS IN AN ANCIENT 



like the words ' Frank ' and ' Aleman,' to denote social or con- 

 federative, rather than genealogical, community; and, though we 

 are warned thus in limine against any premature attempt to har- 

 monise the results of philological with those of craniographical 

 enquiry, it may not be entirely hopeless to attempt to harmonise 

 the traditions which tell us that the Romanised town populations, 

 the ' Lloegrians,' took the side of the Saxons against their own 

 countrymen, with the facts of our ' finds ' in cemeteries. Now, 

 these facts, as they have presented themselves to me, I have, with 

 the help of light borrowed from many other investigators, read 

 thus. Two varieties of capacious crania, one dolichocephalic and 

 the other brachy cephalic, have been found by me in cemeteries 

 referable by their archaeological characters to the periods cor- 

 responding with, and immediately subsequent to the close of the 

 Roman domination in England. These two varieties of skulls are 

 not ordinarily found occupying one and the same tumulus, at least 

 with the relative positions which the remains of two races in- 

 habiting the same district peacefully usually hold to each other, 

 and I incline, though but doubtfully, to anticipate that evidence 

 will be ultimately produced to identify the dolichocephali in ques- 

 tion with the Lloegrian traitors, and the brachycephali with that 

 portion of the Kymry which preferred exile to the Saxon yoke. 

 The fact of the dolichocephali having been found abundantly (see 

 p. 624, supra) in the Suffolk region of the Littus Saxonicum, where 

 the Celt and Saxon are not known to have met as enemies when 

 East Anglia became a kingdom, is not without its significance. 

 Their geographical distribution may indicate a greater political 

 pliability just as their greater variety of cranial conformation in- 

 dicates a greater anatomical plasticity. In the same cemeteries 

 with both of these varieties of skulls I have found skulls which are 

 very closely similar to Professor Huxley's ' River-bed ' type of 

 skull, and which I should be inclined to think may have belonged 

 to a serf, or at all events to a poor, population, whose necessities 

 may have made them as indifferent as any similar population is 

 now to the political leanings of their masters. I should agree with 

 Professor Huxley in considering this a very ancient form of cranium ; 

 but, though I should allow, with a knowledge of the great aptitude 

 for modification possessed by the human cranium, that it may be 

 connected by transitional forms with the dolichocephalic Celtic 



