682 ON THE CHARACTER AND INFLUENCE 



60 common in the parts of North Germany and of Denmark whence 

 they are supposed on all hands to have come. A reference to any 

 manual of archaeology, or an inspection of any such series as that 

 figured by Mr. Kemble in the Horae Ferales from the museum in 

 Hanover, will show the unmistakable identity of the pattern, fashion, 

 and moulding of such urns as these, and those which I have had 

 figured after digging them up in Berkshire. The Romans and 

 Romano-Britons had given up the practice of burning the dead long 

 before the time of Hengist and Horsa. When they practised it in 

 England,, their urns were of a very different kind, being well burnt 

 and lathe-turned. All the Romano-Britons I have exhumed in the 

 cemetery at Frilford, which has furnished me with the tolerably 

 wide basis of something approaching to ^oo interments of all kinds, 

 were interred much as we inter our dead now. They were oriented, 

 though by the aid of the sun and not by that of a compass ; and, 

 dying in greater numbers in the winter quarters of the year, had 

 the bearings of their graves, as has been observed by the Abbe 

 Cochet, pointing a little south of east. Now a Romano-British 

 interment in this way of burial has to be distinguished from an 

 Anglo-Saxon one in the same way of non-cremation, and this may 

 be done thus : — the Romano-Britons never buried arms nor any 

 other implements which could be of use in this, and might be sup- 

 posed to be of similar use in the next world, together with a corpse. 

 Funeral ware, such as lachrymatories, I have not found in company 

 with coins of the Christian Emperors ; but such articles stand in 

 relation to quite a different idea from that which caused the Teuton 

 to inter the dead with spear, shield, and knife ; to say nothing of 

 the common situla and sword. The Anglo-Saxons are supposed by 

 Kemble to have relinquished cremation only when they assumed 

 Christianity. It is a little difficult to be quite sure of this : at any 

 rate, when we find, as we often do, an Anglo-Saxon in a very 

 shallow grave, which may point to any one point of the compass, and 

 in the arms and other insignia which it contains, such clear proof 

 that its tenant thought that whatever he may not have brought 

 with him into the world, at all events he could carry something out, 

 we are tempted to differ even from such authority as Mr. Kemble's. 

 But I am inclined to think that in some cases it is possible to 

 identify the tenant of a properly oriented grave as having been 

 an Anglo-Saxon. In many such graves Anglo-Saxons are to be 



