726 PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO 



March 15, 1862, Articles I, II), coincides with an utterance which 

 I am glad to see in Mr. Herbert Spencer's recently issued first 

 number of his new edition of ' Principles of Psychology.' There 

 (part i. chap. i. p. 48) Mr. Spencer says, ' It may safely be affirmed 

 that Physiology, which is an interpretation of the physical processes 

 which go on in organisms in terms known to natural science, ceases 

 to be Physiology when it imports into its interpretations any 

 psychical factor, a factor which no physical research whatever can 

 disclose or identify, or get the remotest glimpse of.' But, I appre- 

 hend ^, if the Physiologist wishes to become an Anthropologist, he 

 must qualify himself to judge of both sets of factors. There is 

 other science besides Physical Science, there are other data besides 

 quantifiable data. Schleiden, a naturalist well known by name to 

 all of us, compares the Physical Philosopher (^ Materialismus der 

 neueren deutschen Naturwissenschaft/ p. 48), who is not content 

 with ignoring, without also denying the existence of a science 

 based on the consciousness, to a man who, on looking into his purse 

 and finding no gold there, should not be content with saying, 

 ' I find no gold here,' but should go further and say, ' there is no 

 such thing as gold either here or anywhere else.' It is interesting 

 to note that here in Oxford, till within a few years of the present 

 time, we narrowed the application of the word ' Science ' in what 

 seems now to be a curiously perverted fashion. For, ignoring all 

 the physical world as entirely as though we had been already dis- 

 embodied, we used the word to denote and connote only Logic, 

 Metaphysics, and Ethics. By a ' student of science ' in my under- 

 graduate days was meant a student of the works of Aristotle, Kant, 

 and Sir William Hamilton. The wheel has since made somewhat 

 of a circle; our nomenclature, like much else belonging to us, is 

 altering itself into a closer correspondence with the usages and needs 

 of the larger world outside ; the so-called ' student of science ' of 

 the year 1850 is now said to go into the 'School of Philosophy;' 

 and ' the student of science,' as our terminology runs in the year 

 1868, will be found at the Museum studying the works of Helm- 

 holtz. Miller, and Huxley. I do not say this by way of triumph, 

 but rather in that of regret, little disposed or used though I am, 



^ In the 'Anatomical Memoirs of John Goodsir,' edited by his successor, Professor 

 Turner, and published subsequently to the delivery of this Address, some remarks to 

 the same effect as these may be found ; vol. i. pp. 268 and 292. 



