PKOBUCED BY MAN. 807 



largely some quarters of the globe have been benefited by borrow- 

 ing from others, or in the language of my subject, how largely they 

 have been modified by man's interference. 



The first of these maps is very closely similar to the one which 

 shows on Mercator^s projection the now more or less generally ac- 

 cepted zoogeographical regions of the earth's surface, the Palaearctic, 

 to wit, the Ethiopian, the Oriental, the Australian, and the two 

 regions of the New World, the Nearctic and the Neotropical ; as 

 given by Dr. Sclater, and in Wallace's great work on Geographical 

 Distribution. 



The second of these maps is an enlargement of that given by 

 Professor Huxley in the ' Journal of the Ethnological Society of 

 London,' June 7th, 1870, to illustrate and embody his views on 

 the distribution of the principal modifications of mankind. This 

 map serves, besides other useful purposes, that of limiting off, by 

 a distinct colouration, a particular portion of the vast Palaearctic 

 region which is specially important to the subject in hand, as 

 it was either actually upon it, or upon regions closely adjacent 

 to it within that region, that the parent stocks of the moiety 

 of our cultivated plants and domesticated animals may either be 

 found still living or may reasonably be supposed to have existed 

 formerly. The particular subdivision of the Palaearctie Region 

 has been coloured in a particular way by Professor Huxley, so as 

 to indicate that upon it his ' Melanochroic ' or dark-white variety 

 of our species was living not in perfect purity of stock, but more 

 or less peacefully intermingled with the Mongoloid and with his 

 * Xanthochroic ' or fair-white varieties. The area thus peopled 

 occupies itself on the map a district something of the shape of a 

 tuning-fork, the two arms of which would form the northern and 

 southern boundaries of the Mediterranean eastward from the longi- 

 tudes of Albania and Tripoli ; and would be carried by a broad base 

 extending from the Caucasus over Syria and a part of north-west 

 Arabia to the Red Sea, whilst its stem would cover Kurdistan, 

 Khorassan, and North Persia, and end by bifurcating at a spot near 

 Peshawur. The importance of this area is illustrated by the fact that 

 a region very closely corresponding, if not quite coincident with it, 

 is marked out upon quite diflPerent principles in the next map. A 

 coincidence of much less intricacy, and therefore of much less 

 cogency, though still not without a certain curious significance, is 



