ADDEES8 ON ANTHROPOLOGY. 895 



nay 'require more brain power than the greatest in any other 

 direction; and that ' we do not know and have no means of know- 

 ing what is the quantity of intellectual power as measured by brains 

 which even the simplest use of language requires ^Z 



And for the explanation of the pre-eminently large size of the 

 brains of these particular representatives of our species, the tenants 

 of prehistoric sepulchres, we have to bear in mind, first, that they 

 were, as the smallness of their numbers and the largeness of the 

 tumuli lodging them may be taken to prove, the chiefs of their 

 tribes ; and, secondly, that modern savages have been known, and 

 prehistoric savages may therefore be supposed, to have occasionally 

 elected their chiefs to their chieftainships upon grounds furnished 

 by their superior fitness for such posts — that is to say, for their 

 superior energy and ability. Some persons may find it diflScult to 

 believe this, though such facts are deposed to by most thoroughly 

 trustworthy travellers, such as Baron Osten Sacken (referred to by 

 Von Baer, in the ' Report ' of the famous Anthropological Congress 

 at Gottingen in 1861, p. 22). And they may object to accepting 

 it, for, among other reasons, this reason — to wit, that Mr. Galton 

 had shown us in his ' Men of Science, their Nature and Nurture,' 

 p. 98, that men of great energy and activity (that is to say, just 

 the very men fitted to act as leaders of and to commend them- 

 selves to savages ^) have ordinarily smaller-sized heads than men 

 possessed of intellectual power dissociated from those qualities. 



The objection I specify, as well as those which I allude to, may 

 have too much weight assigned to them ; but we can waive this 

 discussion and put our feet on firm ground when we say that in all 

 savage communities the chiefs have a larger share of food and 

 other comforts, such as there are in savage life, and have conse- 

 quently better and larger frames— or, as the Eev. S. Whitmee puts 

 it {I. <?.), when observing on the fact as noticed by him in Polynesia, 

 a more ' portly bearing.' This (which, as the size of the brain 

 increases within certain proportions with the increase of the size of 



1 The bibliographer will thank me also for pointing out to him that the important 

 paper in the 'North-American Review,' for October, 1870, p. 295, from which I 

 have just quoted, has actually escaped the wonderfully exhaustive research of Dr. 

 Seidlitz (see his 'Darwin'sche Theorie,' 1875). 



^ An interesting and instructive story in illustration of the kind of qualities which 

 do recommend a man to savages, is told us by Sir Bartle Frere in his pamphlet, 

 • Christianity suited to all forms of Civilization,' pp. 12-14. 



