898 ADDRESS ON ANTHROPOLOGY. 



And I am glad to see that M. Broca is emphatically of this opinion, 

 and that, after a judicious statement of the whole case, he ex- 

 presses himself thus (' Revue d' Anthropologic,' ii. i, 38) : ' Rien ne 

 permet done de supposer que les rapports de la masse encephalique 

 avec Fintelligence fussent autres chez eux que chez nous.' 



It is by a reference to the greater severity of the struggle for 

 existence, and to the lesser degree to which the principle of division 

 of labour was carried out in olden days, that M. Broca, in his paper 

 on the Caverne de 1' Homme Mort just quoted from, explains the 

 fact of the subequality of the skulls in the two sexes. This is an 

 adequate explanation of the facts ; but to the facts as already stated, 

 I can add from my own experience the fact that though the 

 female skulls of prehistoric times are often, they are not always 

 equal, or nearly, to those of the male sex of those times ; and, 

 secondly, that whatever the relative size of the head, the limbs and 

 trunk of the female portion of those tribes were, as is still the case 

 with modern savages, very usually disproportionately smaller than 

 those of the male. This is readily enough explicable by a reference 

 to the operations of causes exemplifications of the working of which 

 are unhappily not far to seek now, and may be found in any detail 

 you please in those anthropologically interesting (however other- 

 wise unpleasant) documents, the Police Reports. 



Having before my mind the liability we are all under fallaciously 

 to content ourselves with recording the shots which hit, I must 

 not omit to say that one at least of the more recently propounded 

 doctrines in Craniology does not seem to me to be firmly established. 

 This is the doctrine of ' occipital dolichocephaly ' being a character- 

 istic of the lower races of modern days and of prehistoric races as 

 compared with modern civilised races. I have not been able to 

 convince myself by my own measurements of the tenability of this 

 position ; and I observe that Ihering has expressed himself to the 

 same effect, appending his measurements in proof of his statements 

 in his paper, ' Zur Reform der Craniometrie,' published in the 

 'Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologic' for 1873. The careful and extensive 

 measurements of Aeby ^ and Weisbach ^ have shown that the occi- 

 pital region enjoys wider limits of oscillation than either of the 

 other divisions of the cranial vault. I have some regret in saying 



^ Aeby, * Schadelform des Menschen und der Affen,' pp. 11, 12, and 128. 

 ^ Weisbach, 'Die Schadelform der Koumanen,' p. 32, 1869. 



