ADDRESS ON ANTHROPOLOGY. 899 



this, partly because writers on such subjects as ' Literature and 

 Dogma ' have already made use of the phrase ' occipitally dolicho- 

 cephalic,' as if it represented one of the permanent acquisitions of 

 science ; and I say it with even more regret, as it concerns the 

 deservedly honoured names of Gratiolet and of Broca, to whom 

 Anthropology owes so much. What is true in the doctrine relates, 

 among other things, to what is matter of common observation as to 

 the fore part of the head rather ^than to anything which is really 

 constant in the back part of the skull. This matter of common 

 observation is to the effect that when the ear is 'well forward' in 

 the head, we do ill to augur well of the intelligence of its owner. 

 Now the fore part of the brain is irrigated by the carotid arteries, 

 which, though smaller in calibre during the first years of life, 

 during which the brain so nearly attains its full size, than they are 

 in the adult, are nevertheless relatively large even in those early 

 days, and are both absolutely and relatively to the brain which 

 they have to nourish, much larger than the vertebral arteries, which 

 feed its posterior lobes. It is easy therefore to see that a brain in 

 which the fore part supplied by the carotids has been stinted of due 

 supplies of food, or however stunted in growth, is a brain the entire 

 length and breadth of which is likely to be ill-nourished. As I 

 have never seen reason to believe in any cerebral localisation which 

 was not explicable by a reference to vascular irrigation, it was with 

 much pleasure that I read the remarks of Messrs. Wilks and Moxon 

 in their recently published ' Pathological Anatomy,' pp. 207, 208, 

 as to the indications furnished by the distribution of the Pacchio- 

 nian bodies as to differences existing in the blood-currents on the 

 back and those on the fore part of the brain. These remarks are 

 the more valuable, as mere hydraulics. Professor Clifton assures me, 

 would not have so clearly pointed out what the physiological up- 

 growths seem to indicate. Any increase, again, in the length of 

 the posterior cerebral arteries is yro tanto a disadvantage to the 

 parts they feed. If the blood-current, as these facts seem to show, 

 is slower in the posterior lobes of the brain, it is, upon purely 

 physical principles of endosmosis and exosmosis, plain that these 

 segments of the brain are less efficient organs for the mind to 

 work with ; and here again ' occipital dolichocephaly ' would have 

 a justification, though one founded on the facts of the nutrition of 

 the brain-cells, not on the proportions of the brain-case. In many 



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