933 TYPHOID OR ENTERIC FEVER 



entire month ; and that Dr. Fairvveather says of it that it looked 

 ' like a complication of a dysentery, typhus, and typhoid.' Of the 

 eight cases, therefore, which were taken as proving conclusively 

 the presence of typhus in India, two appear to have been certainly 

 typhoid, the post-mortem examination proving the disease to have 

 been this ; a third is the case last mentioned ; a fourth appears to 

 have been a case of tuberculosis ; a fifth, though covered with 

 eruption like that of typhus during life, did not retain it after ; a 

 sixth began as a case of intermittent fever ; and the two others 

 who survived may possibly have been cases of typhoid or of 

 remittent. 



It would appear from the ' Report on Measures adopted for 

 Sanitary Improvements in India from June, 1869, to June, 1870,' 

 recently published, p. 85, that there are two reports extant upon the 

 fever in the Rawulpindee Gaol, by Dr. Lyons, the medical officer in 

 charge. It would be interesting to see these. 



Dr. Eairweather has prefixed to his detailed accounts of the eight 

 cases, previously referred to, a short account of the general 

 characteristics of the disease. Amongst these is noted the absence 

 of yellowness of the conjunctivae, which may show that the disease 

 known in Great Britain as ' relapsing fever ' was not a factor in the 

 epidemic. Dr. Murchison says of the disorder, indeed (op. cit.^ 

 p. 301), that it is unknown in India, and, indeed, in all tropical 

 countries. 



Certain remarks as to the general characters of the epidemic 

 which Dr. De Renzy makes in various parts of his report appear 

 to me to be more easily reconcilable with the hypothesis of its 

 having been typhoid than with one which should suppose it to 

 have been either relapsing or typhus fever. These remarks are as 

 follows : — 



1. It prevailed in the latter half of the year. See Dr. De Renzy, 

 loc,cit.,-p. 121. See also 'Report on Sanitary Improvements in 

 India,' 1870, p. 30; and Dr. Bryden's 'Report on Cholera Epi- 

 demic,' pp. 20, 74. 



2. It appeared first in villages (see Dr. De Renzy, p. 121, and 

 note to p. 87 A of the Appendix, and ' Report of Sanitary Improve- 

 ments,' p. 45), and Dr. Anstie tells us (' Notes on Epidemics,' p. 70) 

 that typhoid is ' the special epidemic of the slumbrous conservative 

 rural districts.' 



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