PARTHENOGENESIS IN PLANTS. 291 



again, thousands of females of the gall-fly have been examined, 

 but not a single male has yet been found. 



Thus Parthenogenesis has been found to exist in Polypes, 

 Molluscs, Annelids (by M. Quatrefages in the Syllis), and 

 Insects. It has also been found in plants. The Ccelehogyne 

 Ilicifolia, one of the EuphorhiacuB to be seen in Kew 

 Gardens, is a striking example. Only the female of this 

 plant has reached England, yet it continues yearly to produce 

 descendants, although no male has arrived.* " In fact," says 

 Dr Lankester, " Parthenogenesis, in all its integrity, has now 

 been observed in a large number of cases in the vegetable 

 kingdom. The occurrence of seeds, independent of stamens, 

 was first observed in a Euphorbiaceous plant in the gardens 

 at Kew. It has subsequently been observed in a large 

 number of plants, a list of w^hich, with the observer of the 

 phenomenon, we subjoin : — 



Chaeace^e — Chara crinita. A. Braun. 

 CANNABiNEiE — Cannabis sativa. Naudin. 

 Chenopodiace-(E — Spinacea oleracea. Le Cocq. 

 EuPHOEBiACEiE — Cwlehorjyne Ilicifolia. J. Smith ; 3[er- 



curialis, species. Naudin. 

 Anarcaediace.^ — Pistacia Narhonensis. Tenore ; Pista- 



cice species. Bocconi. 

 CucuEBiTACE^ — Bryonia diocia. Naudin. 

 DATisCEiE — Datisca cannabina. Frcsenius." -j- 



* Radlkofer: Ueler wxJu-e Parthenogenesis bei Pflamen, in Siebold 0. 

 KiiLLiKER, Zeitsckrift, viii. 458. 

 t Lankester: in Microscoirical Journal, No. XX., July 1S57. 



