GEMMATION AND GENERATION. 311 



identical with those produced by Generation : yet, if this be 

 so, how shall we name the process ? We must name it 

 internal oviparous Gemmation ; and what distinction there 

 is between oviparous Gemmation and oviparous Generation, 

 it Avill be difficult to say. In both cases, eggs are produced 

 directly from the substance of the parent ; these eggs, in 

 both cases, develop into animals indistinguishable in strac- 

 ture or function, and capable of reproducing their species by 

 either mode. From attending to formal and accessory differ- 

 ences, and not keeping the attention fixed on essential 

 processes, physiologists have imagined a distinction to 

 exist between Gemmation and Generation, which will not 

 withstand scrutiny. Thus M. Quatrefages says : "In the 

 animal, as in the plant, reproduction by budding is effected 

 on the spot {en entier sur jjlace), at the expense of the 

 parent's substance. In the two kingdoms, reproduction by 

 seeds and eggs demands the concourse of two elements pre- 

 pared by special organs. It is immaterial whether these 

 organs are both united in the same individual, or borne by 

 distinct individuals ; there is always a father and a mother, 

 a stamen and a pistil, an element which fertilises, and an 

 element which is fertilised." I really cannot see an3rthing 

 beyond subsidiary distinctions here. The contrast is only 

 formal. Out of the substance of the parent both bud and 

 seed are evolved ; whether the product shall be a mass of cells 

 which at once develop into an organism by repeated subdi- 

 vision, or into eggs by repeated subdivision, will depend 

 on specific conditions, but the essential process is the same 

 in each. The egg itself is a product, as much as the embryo ; 



