THE BULLDOG. 



45 



of the centre of the skull. This angle of the 

 nose and face is known as the layback, 

 and can only properly be ascertained by 

 viewing the dog from the side. 



Dogs having flesh-coloured noses are 

 called " Dudleys " on account of a strain of 

 such animals having been kept at Dudley 

 in Worcestershire. Dogs possessing this 

 blemish have invariably light-coloured eyes 

 and a yellow appearance in the face gener- 

 ally. Although the Bulldog Club decreed 

 in 1884 that dogs having Dudley noses 

 should be disqualified from winning prizes 

 at any show, it is of interest to point out 

 that the special prize for the best dog in 

 the show was awarded at the Bulldog 

 Club's first show in 1876 to Bacchus, who 

 had this defect. Another good dog with 

 a Dudley nose was Sahib, the sire of Don 

 Pedro, who in turn was the sire of such 

 good dogs as Champions Dryad, Don Salano, 

 Kitty Cole, His Lordship, and Cigarette. 

 Efforts are being made to breed out this 

 defect, although otherwise good specimens 

 still occasionally appear from certain well- 

 known strains. Other dogs have a parti- 

 coloured or " butterfly " nose, which detracts 

 from their general appearance, but, unlike 

 Dudleys, they are not disqualified for the 

 blemish. 



The inclination backward of the nose 

 allows a free passage of the air into the 

 nostrils whilst the dog is holding his quarry. 

 It is apparent that if the mouth did not 

 project beyond the nose, the nostrils would 

 be flat against the part to which the dog 

 was fixed, and breathing would then be 

 stopped. 



The upper lip, called the " chop," or 

 flews, should be thick, broad, pendant and 

 very deep, hanging completely over the 

 lower jaw at the sides, but only just join- 

 ing the under lip in front, yet covering 

 the teeth completely. The amount of 

 " cushion " which a dog may have is 

 dependent upon the thickness of the flews. 

 The lips should not be pendulous. 



The upper jaw should be broad, massive, 

 and square, the tusks being wide apart, 

 whilst the lower jaw, being turned up- 

 wards, should project in front of the upper. 



The teeth should be large and strong, 

 and the six small teeth between the tusks 

 should be in an even row. The upper 

 jaw cannot be too broad between the tusks. 

 If the upper and lower jaws are level, 

 and the muzzle is not turned upwards 

 the dog is said to be " down-faced," whilst 

 if the underjaw is not undershot he is said 

 to be " froggy." A " wry-faced " dog is 

 one having the lower jaw twisted, and this 

 deformity so detracts from the general 

 appearance of the dog as seriously to 

 handicap him in the show-ring. 



The underjaw projects beyond the upper 

 in order to allow the dog, when running 

 directly to the front, to grasp the bull, and, 

 when fixed, to give him a firmer hold. The 

 eyes, seen from the front, should be situated 

 low down in the skull, as far from the ears, 

 the nose, and each other as possible, but 

 quite in front of the forehead, so long as 

 their corners are in a straight line at right 

 angles with the stop, and in front of the 

 forehead. They should be a little above 

 the level of the base of the nasal bone, 

 and should be quite round in shape, of 

 moderate size, neither sunken nor promi- 

 nent, and be as black in colour as possible 

 almost, if not quite, black, showing no white 

 when looking directly to the front. 



A good deal of a Bulldog's appearance 

 depends on the quality, shape, and carriage 

 of his ears. They should be small and thin, 

 and set high on the head ; that is, the 

 front inner edge of each ear should, as 

 viewed from the front, join the outline 

 of the skull at the top corner of such out- 

 line, so as to place them as wide apart, 

 as high, and as far from the eyes as possible. 

 The shape should be that which is known 

 as " rose," in which the ear folds inward at 

 the back, the upper or front edge curving 

 over outwards and backwards, showing 

 part of the inside of the burr. If the ears 

 are placed low on the skull they give an 

 apple-headed appearance to the dog. If 

 the ear falls in front, hiding the interior, 

 as is the case with a Fox-terrier, it is said 

 to " button," and this type is highly objec- 

 tionable. Unfortunately, within the last 

 few years the " button " and " semi-tulip " 



