334 NEW ENGLAND TREES IN WINTER. 



71. Lateral buds small, cut twig exuding watery, resinous juice; fruit 

 small, whitish drupes; a shrub growing in swamps ............... 



............................... Poison Sumach (Rhus Vernix) 



72. Leaf-scars deeply V-shaped, almost entirely surrounding the buds 73 



72. Leaf-scars, inversely triangular to heart-shaped, large, not more 

 than half surrounding the bud; twigs stout; pith chocolate-brown. 

 .............................. \ i Inn! li us (Ailanthus glandiilosa)it.Z24 



73. Pith yellowish-brown; twigs stout, exuding a milky juice when 

 cut ........................................... Sumach (Rhus) 152 



73. Pith whitish; twigs slender, without milky juice ................. 



............................. Yellow Wood (Cladrastis lutea) p.52O 



74. Terminal buds on rapidly grown shoots absent, but leaving a ter- 

 minal scar .................................................... 83 



74. Terminal buds present ....................... ................. 75 



75. Lateral buds flattened, appressed, about as broad as long ...... 76 



75. Lateral buds not distinctly flattened and appressed, mostly longer 

 than broad ................................................... 78 



76. Terminal bud large, generally 12 mm. or more long; some of the 

 lateral buds generally long, nearly equalling terminal bud; leaf- 

 scars raised on dark red, polished ridges of the bark ............. 



....................................... Mountain Ash (Pyrus) p.488 



76. Terminal bud smaller, generally under 8 mm. long; all lateral 

 buds small; leaf-scars not on specially colored ridges of the bark 77 



77. Tree with bushy habit of growth; twigs with characteristic licorice- 

 like taste, generally reddish-brown, more or less pale-woolly at 

 least toward apex; lateral buds blunt, more or less pale-woolly. ... 

 ......................................... Apple (Pyrus Malus) p.486 



77. Tree with upright habit of growth; twigs without characteristic 

 taste, generally yellowish-green and generally smooth; lateral buds 

 sharp-pointed, smooth or sometimes slightly downy ............... 



...................................... Pear (Pyrus ccmmunis) p.484 



78. Buds spherical or nearly so, seldom pointed; bud-scales thick, 

 shining; leaf-scars narrow; twigs more or less zigzag, branches 

 generally thorny; fruit a small pome; small trees or shrubs ...... 



....................................... Hawthorn (Crataegus) p.494 



78. Buds not spherical; bud-scales thinner ........................ 79 



79. Leaf-scars narrow crescent-shaped, several times as broad as 

 high .......................................................... 80 



79. Leaf-scars semicircular to broadly crescent-shaped, seldom as much 

 as 3 times as broad as high .................................. 81 



80. Buds long, narrow, elliptical, 3-4 times as long as wide ........... 



........................... Shad Bush (Amelanchier canadensis)j?.4W2 



80. Buds conical, stout ............... Pear (Pyrus communis) p.484 



81. Twigs densely speckled with very minute pale dots, brightly 

 colored, generally green-yellow below and more or less reddish 

 above and highly polished; buds generally densely downy at least 

 toward apex; collateral buds usually present ..................... 



...................................... Peach (Prunus Persica) p.512 



81. Twigs not densely speckled with minute dots; buds not densely 

 downy, collateral buds generally not present ................... 82 



82. Twigs without bitter taste; branchlets generally becoming corky- 

 ridged; bud-scales downy-margined; leaf-scars large with con- 

 spicuous bundle-scars; fruit a spherical bur-like head generally 

 present in winter ...... Sweet Gum (Liquidambar Styraciflua) p.48O 



82. Twigs with bitter taste often resembling bitter almonds; branches 

 without corky ridges; bud-scales not downy-margined; fruit a 

 drupe ............................. Cherry or Plum (Primus) 144 



83. Buds spherical or nearly so; bud-scales thick, shining; twigs more 

 or less zigzag, often thorny; fruit a small pome .................. 



........................................ Hawthorn (Crataef/us)v.4H4 



83. Buds not spherical, longer than broad ........................ 84 



84. Twigs generally gray-woolly toward apex; buds blunt, brown- 

 hairy at tip; stipule-scars at the sides of leaf-scar ................ 



..................................... Quince (Cydonia vulgaris)p.49O 



