340 NEW ENGLAND TREES IN WINTER. 



THE ELMS 

 Ulmus. 



Leaf-scars alternate, 2-ranked, semi-circular, small, but conspicuous, 

 covered with a light corky layer; bundle-scars prominent, 3 to several, 

 sunken; terminal bud absent, lateral buds medium sized with 2 ranks 

 of over-lapping bud-scales; twigs slender; bark ridged; fruit small, flat, 

 winged, ripening in spring. 



137. Twigs gray and rough and strongly mucilaginous; tips of buds 

 conspicuous with long rusty hairs. Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva)vAZ& 



137. Twigs neither gray and rough nor strongly mucilaginous; buds 

 without long rusty hairs 138 



138. Buds chestnut brown; bud-scales with darker margins; bark 

 ridged; native species 139 



138. Buds smoky brown to almost black; bud-scales nearly uniform in 

 color, bark firmer, roughened into dark oblong blocks; trunk 

 mostly continuous into crown with stout limbs arising at a broad 



angle; head, "Oak-like;" European species 



English Elm (Ulmus campestris, p.458 



139. Twigs often with corky ridges; trunk generally continuous into 

 crown with stiff dependent lower branches; head narrow, "Hickory- 

 like." Cork Elm (Ulmus racemosaj p.462 



139. Twigs without corky ridges; trunk dividing into several limbs, 

 spreading gradually upward and gracefully recurving; head broad, 

 "Elm like." "White Elm (Ulmus americana) p.460 



THE MULBERRIES 

 Morus. 



Leaf-scars alternate, 2-ranked, nearly circular; stipule-scars narrow; 

 bundle-scars projecting in a closed ring or irregularly scattered; ter- 

 minal bud absent; bud-scales 2-ranked; twigs with milky juice. 



140. Buds about as broad as long, more or less flattened and appressed, 

 generally under 4 mm. long; bud-scales reddish brown without 

 darker margins "White Mulberry (Morus alba) p.468 



140. Buds longer than broad, not at all or but slightly flattened, diver- 

 gent, generally over 5 mm. long; bud-scales greenish brown with 

 darker margins Red Mulberry (Morus rubra)pAG6 



THE MAGNOLIAS 



Magnolia. 



Terminal bud much larger than lateral buds; bud-scales valvate, 

 united in pairs to form a cap, corresponding to stipules, each pair 

 enclosing in succession an erect folded leaf connected with the next 

 inner pair of scales; the unmatured leaf which belongs to the outer pair 

 of stipular scales falling off in autumn and leaving a scar on side 

 of bud with a decurrent ridge below, representing its leaf stalk; 

 stipule-scar narrow, encircling the twig; leaf-scars alternate, more 

 than 2-ranked, broad, oval to narrow crescent-shaped, bundle-scars 

 numerous, irregularly scattered or in a double row; twigs aromatic; 

 fruit a cone made up of numerous follicles which split open in the 

 autumn and let out the large flattish seeds. 



141. Buds large 2?-50 mm. long, twigs stout, leaf-scars large 142 



141. Buds small 10-20 mm. long; twigs slender; leaf-scars small ... 143 



142. Buds densely pale-downy; twigs light yellowish to bluish-green, 

 more or less downy, fruit nearly spherical. Larpre-leaved Magnolia, 



Large-leaved Cucumber Tree, Large-leaved Umbrella Tree 



(Magnolia macrophylla Michx.) under Comparisons p.47O 



142. Buds smooth; twigs brown; fruit elongated 



Umbrella Tree (Magnolia tripetala) p.472 



143. Twigs brown; leaf-scars narrow, crescent to U-shaped; buds blunt, 

 densely downy; bark flaky; a tree; in New England found only in 

 cultivation Cucumber Tree (Magnolia acuminata)&A7O 



