350 NEW ENGLAND TREES IN WINTER. 



RED PINE 



Norway Pine. 



Pinus resinosa Ait. 



HABIT A tree 50-75 ft. in height with a trunk diameter of 2-3 ft., in 

 Maine, reaching a height of over 100 ft.; trunk erect, continuous into the 

 crown with stout spreading branches often dependent and ascending at 

 their tips, more distinctly whorled than in the Pitch Pine, in young trees 

 clothing the trunk to the ground, forming a broadly pyramidal head 

 becoming irregularly round-topped with age. Foliage in long flexible 

 dark green tufts. 



BARK Reddish-brown, with shallow flat ridges, separating off in 

 irregular thin flaky scales. 



TWIGS Stout, light reddish brown, not downy, roughened by decur- 

 rent scales subtending leaf clusters especially toward base of each year's 

 growth. 



L.EAVES In clusters of 2, with long persistent sheaths, dark 

 green, shining, 3-6 inches long, slender, soft, flexible, flattened on one 

 side, rounded on the other, with pointed tip. MICROSCOPIC SECTION 

 showing 2 fibro-vascular bundles, peripheral resin-ducts, a 

 single layer of strengthening cells beneath the epidermis and around the 

 resin-ducts, stomata all around. 



BUDS Oblong to conical, pointed; scales reddish-brown. 



FRUIT Cones about 2 inches long, without stalks, ovate-conical, 

 when opened more or less spherical, making a right angle with the stem, 

 ripened cones remaining on the tree during winter. SCALES thickened 

 at apex but without spines or prickers. 



COMPARISONS The Red Pine with two long needles in a cluster is 

 not to be confused with our native New England Pines. It resembles 

 however, the Austrian Pine, but may be distinguished from this species 

 by its more slender flexible needles (see under Austrian Pine). 



DISTRIBUTION In poor soils; sandy plains, dry woods. Newfound- 

 land and New Brunswick, throughout Quebec and Ontario, to the 

 southern end of Lake Winnipeg; south to Pennsylvania; west through 

 Michigan and Wisconsin to Minnesota. 



IN NEW ENGLAND Maine common, plains, Brunswick, (Cum- 

 berland county); woods, Bristol (Lincoln county); from Amherst 

 (western part of Hancock county) and Clifton (southeastern part of 

 Penobscot county) northward just east of the Penobscot river the 

 predominant tree, generally on dry ridges and eskers, but in Green- 

 bush, and Passadunkeag growing abundantly on peat bogs with Black 

 Spruce: hillsides and lower mountains about Moosehead, scattered: New 

 Hampshire ranges with the Pitch Pine as far north as the White 

 Mountains, but is less common, usually in groves of a few to several 

 hundred acres in extent; Vermont less common than the White or 

 the Pitch Pine, but not rare; Massachusetts still more local, in sta- 

 tions widely separated, single trees or small groups; Rhode Island occa- 

 sional. 



IN CONNECTICUT Rare or local; Granby, Salisbury. 



WOOD Light, hard, very close-grained, pale red. with thin yellow 

 often nearly white sapwood; largely used in the construction of bridges 

 and buildings, for piles, masts and spars. The bark is occasionally used 

 for tanning leather. 



