564 NEW ENGLAND TREES IN WINTER. 



GLOSSARY. 



Accessory buds. Buds at or near the nodes but not in the axil Of two 

 kinds, collateral and superposed. 



Acorn. The complete fruit of an Oak consisting of a nut partially enclosed 

 by an involucrate cup. 



Alternate. Scattered along- the stem ; said of leaves and scales in distinction 

 from opposite. 



Apex. The top, as the tip of the bud. 



Appressed. Lying close against the twig, as the buds of the Shad Bush 

 (p.493). 



Awl-shaped. Small and tapering to a slender point. 



Axil. The angle formed at the upper side of the attachment of the leaf 

 to the stem. 



Axillary. In an axil. An axillary bud is the first bud above the leaf or 

 leaf-scar. 



Bark. The outer covering of the trunk or branch. Unless otherwise speci- 

 fied, the heading "Bark" in the descriptions refers to the bark of the 

 trunk. 



Berry. A fruit fleshy throughout. 



Bloom. The powdery waxy substance easily rubbed off, as the bloom on 

 the twigs of the Box Elder (p.547). 



Bract. A more or less modified leaf. 

 Branch. A secondary division of a trunk. 

 Branchlet. A small branch. 



Bud. An undeveloped branch or fruit cluster with or without a protective 

 covering of scales. 



Bud-scales. Reduced leaves covering a bud. 



Bundle-scars. Scars of the fibro-vascular bundles which ran up through the 

 leaf-stalk and connected with the veins of the leaf, seen as dots in the 

 leaf-scar (fig.4). 



Bur. A spiny fruit, as the bur of the Chestnut (p. 431). 



Buttressed. Said of the trunk when enlarged at the base as frequently is 

 the case In the White Elm (p.461). 



Calyx. The outer portion of a flower consisting of a circle of modified 

 leaves usually green in color. 



Capsule. A dry fruit which splits at maturity to let out the seeds. 



Catkin. A unisexual, elongated, compact cluster of flowers with scaly 

 bracts usually falling away in one piece, as in the Alders (p.427). 

 Birches (p.415-425), etc. 



Cell. One of the chambers of the ovary. One of the microscopic structural 

 elements out of which plant tissues are built up. 



Chambered. Said of the pith when interrupted by hollow spaces, as in the 

 Butternut (fig.6). 



Collateral buds. Accessory buds at the side of the axillary bud as in the 

 Red Maple (fig.7). 



Cone. A fruit such as of the Pines with woody closely overlapping scales. 



Confluent. Said of bundle-scars, when the separate scars are so close to- 

 gether that they appear to form a single scar. 



