202 POMONA COLLEGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC BOTANY 



Quercus agrifolia, the common "California Live Oak," will grow fast enough 

 in tolerably good soil, and with plenty of moisture at the roots; in poor and dry 

 soil will develop slower but will attain large size and a great age, as shown by 

 the huge trees among the sandstone boulders on the ridge at Montarioso. May 

 attain sixty feet, or over ; being of spreading habit, should be planted not less 

 than forty feet apart. 



Quercus chrysolepis, "Golden-leaf Oak," "Canyon Live Oak," generally found 

 higher up in the mountains than the preceding, and attaining about same size, 

 but not such a fast grower. 



Lyonothamnus ftoribundus var. asplenifolius, "Palo Fierro" or "Ironwood" 

 of Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands ; of regularly pyramidal shape, very con- 

 spicuous for its aromatic, fern-like foliage, and large umbels of white, strong 

 scented flowers. May attain fifty feet and over, should be planted twenty or 

 twenty-five feet apart. 



Umbellularia californica, "Native Bay" or "Laurel," of dense, columnar 

 growth, quite heavily foliaged, the strong scented, deep green leaves persisting for 

 several years. Will not succeed far from water, may attain sixty to eighty feet, 

 and occasionally much more, like the gigantic specimen at Cathedral Oaks, five 

 miles north of Santa Barbara. Should be planted twenty-five or thirty feet apart. 



Chamaecyparis larvsoniana, "Lawson Cypress." Surely one of the most de- 

 sirable among conifers, on account of its feathery branches and pleasant green 

 color. Will succeed even in poor soil and with little moisture, but much better 

 under more favorable conditions. To retain its full beauty, not unlike most other 

 conifers, its lower branches ought to be allowed to droop to the ground, and 

 therefore it should not be planted at less than forty feet. There is no doubt that 

 the most picturesque effect will be obtained if conifers are used only on sloping 

 ground, in which position they will also thrive much better. 



Libocedrus decurrens, "Incense Cedar," another very tall native conifer, 

 more columnar in habit than the preceding, and not such a fast grower. Could be 

 planted twenty-five to thirty feet apart. Not of feathery effect, but the emerald 

 green of its foliage is very attractive. 



Exotic Evergreen Trees 



A certain number of conifers belong to this section, which have been planted 

 more or less in our gardens and parks, but hardly at all for avenues. 



Araucaria excelsa, the "Norfolk Island Pine" or "Star Pine," leads the list 

 for its wonderful beauty and fast growth. I do not know of any other tree, no 

 matter from whatever country, possessing such a distinctiveness of character, and 

 such a solemnity of outline. But it could not be used for avenues under one 

 hundred feet wide, and should be planted from sixty to eighty feet apart. It is 

 not at all particular about soil, as shown in Santa Barbara where most numerous 

 and most beautiful specimens are growing, both in the rich moist soil down town 

 and on the dry hard-pan in the upper part of town. 



Araucaria bidrvillii, the "Bunya-bunya" of Queensland, will, at least in this 

 country, grow not as tall and much slower than the preceding, and it appears to 

 need also deeper soil and more moisture. But it is most impressive for its dense 



