122 



A NEW LONDON FLORA. 



*Nephrodium Filix-tnas ; spinulosum ; di- 



latatura ; Thelypteris ; Oreopteris. 

 *Polypodium vulgare. 

 *Pteris aquilina. 

 Scolopendrium vulgare. 



*Atrichum undulatum. 



*I)icranella cerviculata; *heteromalla. 



*Dicranuni scoparium. 



*Fungi and Lichens (many). 

 *Hypnum splendens ; *triquetrum ; &c. 

 *Jungermanniae (several). 

 *Leucobryum glaucum (near Wake 



Arms in a beech copse). 

 *Polytricha (three species), 

 *Sphagnum (near High Beech). 

 *Thuidium tamariscinum. 

 *Weissia controversa, &c. 



The copses and woodlands beyond Epping, several detached pieces, are 

 private property and enclosed. In a broad ditch, border of upper forest 

 towards Roydon, Peucedanura officinale ? 



20. HAINAULT FOREST AND BANKS OF THE RODING. 



Although Hainault Forest, once very extensive, no longer exists but in 

 name, some detached bits of scrub and underwood about Chigwell Row 

 are still standing, and these, together with Crab-tree Wood, may be 

 searched for what may yet be obtained. East of this, and on the other 

 side of the Bourne brook, is Havering atte Bower, where are the remaining 

 walls of an ancient palace. The Roding is a sluggish stream, meandering 

 through bordering meadows along the vale which lies between the 

 Hainault and the Epping uplands. Aquatic plants grow here in plenty. 



COPSES, ETC., CHIGWELL Row. 

 Calamagrostis Epigejos. 

 Cynoglossum montanum. 

 Hypericum pulchrum ; Androsremum. 

 Lysimachia nemorum. 

 Ruscus aculeatus. 

 *Sambucus Ebulus (lane near Chigwell 



church, leading to the Roding). 

 Vinca minor (Theydon Bois). 



CRYPTOGAMS. 



Aspidium aculeatum (about Chigwell). 

 Nephrodium Thelypteris (about Chig- 

 well). 



BANKS OF THE RODING. 

 Acorus Calamus. 

 *Alnus glutinosa. 



*Carex acuta ; *riparia ; *vesicaria. 

 *Digraphis arundinacea. 

 *Epilobium hirsutum. 

 *Helosciadium nodosum. 

 *lris Pseudacorus. 



Limnanthemum nymphneoides. 

 *Lythrum Salicaria. 

 *Myosotis palustris. 

 *Nuphar lutea. 



(Enanthe fluviatilis (Woodford). 

 *Polygonum aniphibium. 

 *Potamogeton natans ; *densus ; *perfo- 



liatus ; *lucens. 

 *Rumex Hydrolapathum. 

 *Sagittaria sagittifolia. 

 *Salix alba ; cinerea ; fragilis. 

 *Scirpus lacustris. 

 *Scutellaria galericulata. 

 *Sium angustifolium ; latifolium (near 



Wanstead). 



*Sparganium ramosum. 

 *Spiraea Ulmaria. 

 *Stachys palustris. 

 *Stellaria aquatica. 

 *Symphytum officinale. 

 *Thalictrum flavum. 



Typha angustifolia. 

 *Viburnuni Opulus. 



21. MARSHES BETWEEN WOOLWICH, PLUMSTEAD, AND ERITH, 

 AND OPPOSITE SHORE. 



The flats below Woolwich towards Erith, formerly extensive marshes, 

 have been drained and converted into pasturage. To this end the 

 embankment by the river-side has materially contributed ; and conse- 

 quently aquatic plants, both rare and ordinary, have in a great degree 

 disappeared ; what remains must be sought for on the margins of the 



