14 



FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



be piaced in the same genus but re- 

 frain from doing so merely on account 

 of a desire to avoid the confusion 

 of changing names. There are hairy- 

 sheep and all sheep have some hair in 

 the fleece. The difference between the 

 horns of sheep and goats is no greater 

 than that in different breeds of sheep. 

 All our domestic goats including the 

 common, Angora, and Cashmere goats 

 are domesticated races of Capra liircus, 

 the common wild form of which is the 

 Persian goat. It is possible, too, that 

 the blood of the markhor {Capra fal- 

 coneri) has mingled with that of the 

 Persian goat. Our so-called mountain 

 goat (Oreamnos montanus) of the Cas- 



from the European wild boar by the 

 shortness and great width of the skull. 

 The Chinese pig has been repeatedly 

 crossed with other breeds and has exer- 

 cised a strong influence in shortening 

 the face of our pigs. The same results 

 have also been secured by selection and 

 breeding. In fact shortness of legs and 

 shortness of snout seem to be associated 

 characters. The Japan pig with short 

 head, broad forehead and nose, fleshy 

 ears and furrowed skin is a variety of 

 the Chinese pig. There are other wild 

 species of the family Suidse, but they 

 have had nothing to do with the forma- 

 tion of our modern breeds. Among 

 those we may mention the bearded hog 



MODERN TYPE OF HEREFORD BULL 



cade range and Rocky mountains is not 

 closely related to the goats but the hair 

 is quite like mohair. 



Swine — Leaving out of the question 

 the pig's fossil ancestors, which have 

 been traced back at least to the eocene 

 age, we may start with the wild boar of 

 Europe (Sus scrofa) and the Chinese 

 pig (Sus indica.) Sus scrofa once 

 ranged all over Europe, northern Africa 

 and Hindostan, and is the original par- 

 ent of European breeds of domesticated 

 hogs. Sus indica is no longer known 

 in a wild state but was domesti- 

 cated by the Chinese about 5000 years 

 ago. The Chinese pig is distinguished 



(Sus barbatus) of Borneo, the wart hog 

 (Sus verrucosus) of Java, and the pec- 

 cary (Dicotyles torquatus), ranging 

 from Arkansas to Texas and South 

 America. 



OBIGIN OF DOMESTIC FOWLS 



Most authorities are agreed that the 

 Red jungle fowl ( Gallus gallus, formerly 

 called Gallus banhiva) is the wild an- 

 cestor of all breeds of chickens. The 

 jungle fowl inhabits India, Burma, 

 Malay peninsula, Indo-China, Java and 

 the Philippines. Several geographical 

 varieties of the wild fowl have been de- 

 scribed. The voice of the jungle fowl 



