DISEASES OF AXUIALS 



135 



this tapeworm by eating measly pork. 

 The symptoms in hogs are rather indefi- 

 nite and cannot be recognized. The 

 presence of infestation is disclosed dur- 

 ing meat inspection. The rueasle worms 

 are found in various muscles of infested 

 hogs but particularly in those of the 

 abdomen, diaphragm, tongue, heart and 

 neck. It is obvious that man cannot 

 become infested with this worm if pork 

 is thoroughly cooked before eating. An- 

 other, bladder worm (Cysticercus tenui- 

 collis) is occasionally found in the body 

 cavity of hogs. This is the immature 

 stage of a tapeworm which is common 

 in the intestines of dogs and wolves. 

 The method of preventing the infesta- 

 tion of hogs with this parasite, there- 

 fore, consists in keeping unnecessary 

 dogs away from the premises, treating 

 for tapeworms those which it is desired 

 to keep and preventing dogs from eating 

 the offal of slaughtered hogs, cattle or 

 sheep in which the parasites may be 

 found. 



Fig. 94 ECHINOCOCCUS CYSTS OX THE 



LIVER OF HOGS 



Echinococcus — This is the immature 

 stage of a tapeworm which infests dogs 

 and wolves. The parasite is commonly 

 found in the liver, lungs and other or- 

 gans of hogs as well as cattle. The par- 

 asite may also infest man and it is the 

 cause of a highly fatal disease in man. 

 The parasite may be recognized as small 

 bladder like structures in the infested 

 organs. The symptoms of infestation 

 in hogs are not characteristic and not 

 easily recognized. The disease is best 

 prevented by giving attention to dogs 

 which are allowed about the premises. 

 Dogs should not be allowed to feed on 

 the offal of slaughtered animals and 

 should be treated from time to time with 

 a suitable vermifuge for the removal of 

 tapeworms which they may harbor. 



Mange i s a common disease of hogs, 

 caused by a parasite mite and appears 

 first near the eyes and ears as well as 

 on the inside of the fore legs; later it 



may spread over the whole body. The 

 scabs formed by this mite are white and 

 dry and the hair falls off in patches. 

 The disease is readily transmitted by 

 contact. Hogs are subject to two forms 

 of mange, one due to infestation with 

 Sa.coptes scabiei suis and the other to 

 Demodex folliculorum suis. The latter 

 affects chiefly the chest, abdomen, flank 

 and inner surface of the thighs. It 

 causes the development of pustules, 

 which may be followed by ulcers of con- 

 siderable extent. The first named mite 

 causes true scab and its presence may 

 be recognized by the rubbing of the ani- 

 mal, due to the itching sensation pro- 

 duced by the mite. "While mange in 

 hogs is not rapidly distributed, it is 

 difficult to treat. All affected animals 

 should be isolated at once and the skin 

 should be washed with soft soap, after 

 which a treatment may be applied with 

 a mixture containing 1 pound white 

 arsenic and 12 pounds of alum in 25 

 gallons of water. The piggery should 

 be thoroughly disinfected with kerosene 

 emulsion or pure kerosene, together with 

 lime on the floor. Recently considerable 

 success has been had in dipping mangy 

 pigs in a tobacco dip or from the use 

 of a mixture of S parts turpentine and 

 1 part sulphur. 



Hog louse—While the hog louse 

 (Haematopinus urius) is widely distrib- 

 uted, it does not commonly cause serious 

 trouble to hogs except those which are 

 already in an unthrifty condition, for 

 one reason or another. The louse bites 

 the skin and sucks out blood, causing 

 considerable irritation. It is large 

 enough so that it may be seen with the 

 naked eye. Infestation takes place 

 largely from filthy quarters and the best 

 means of disinfecting such places is by 

 the use of a spray of kerosene. Recently. 

 kerosene emulsion or pure kerosene has 

 been applied to infested hogs, with good 

 results. One of the best means of apply- 

 ing this consists in having rubbing posts 

 for the hogs which are constantly 

 smeared with kerosene; in this way the 

 hogs are induced to treat themselves. 

 They may also be sprayed or dipped in 

 crude oil. For this purpose a tank may 

 be filled with water to the proper depth 

 and covered with an inch film of oil into 

 which the hogs are plunged. 



Rickets — As in man and other ani- 

 mals, rickets in hogs is due to an im- 

 proper development of the bone, as the 

 result of insufficient mineral matter in 



