DISEASES OF ANIMALS 



145 



spected 40,968,000 sheep and dipped 9,- 

 578,000. The results of inspection in- 

 dicate a decided reduction in the num- 

 ber of scabby sheep received at the 

 principal market centers and this is 

 considered as due partly to the extended 

 use of compulsory dipping. In certain 

 states as for example, Wyoming, Utah, 

 Idaho and Oregon, the conditions with 

 regard to sheep scab had become very 

 serious and required the dipping of sheep 



ing together 4 ounces oil of turpentine, 

 6 ounces sulphur, and 1 pound of lard. 

 In the extensive dipping of sheep under 

 federal supervision, lime-sulphur is the 

 dip most in use. As a result of the 

 dipping of millions of sheep during re- 

 cent years it appears that the federal 

 system has been successful in producing 

 cures, preventing scab in 92 per cent 

 of all cases and in effecting a complete 

 cure in 85 per cent of infected sheep. 



Fig. 101 SIDE VIEW OF DIPPING TLAXT SHOWING INCLINED EGRESS AND 



DRIPPING FLOOR 



on the very extensive scale already men- 

 tioned. As a result of this work sheep 

 scab has been almost eradicated in Wy- 

 oming, is under control in Utah and Ore- 

 gon, and is being vigorously attacked in 

 Idaho, where millions of sheep were 

 dipped in 1905. The adoption of com- 

 pulsory dipping for sheep was at first 

 looked upon as an unnecessary hardship 

 for sheepmen but it was soon recognized 

 that the great advantages resulting from 

 clean sheep far more than outweighed 

 the slight initial disadvantage and 

 trouble of dipping. 



In regard to the effectiveness of different 

 dips, tobacco extract and sulphur ap- 

 pears to lead the list, followed by lime 

 and sulphur and nicotine and sulphur. 

 The effectiveness of lime and sulphur, 

 however, in recent years has been rather 

 higher than that of any other sheep 

 dip. In the treatment of exposed sheep, 

 lime and sulphur, according to the most 

 recent statistics, stands first, with an 

 effectiveness of 99 per cent, followed by 

 tobacco extract and sulphur at 94 per 

 cent and nicotine and sulphur at 85 

 per cent. It is recommended by the of- 



Fig. 102 PLAN OF DIPPING PLANT VIEWED FROM ABOVE 



A large variety of dips have been 

 used for the purpose of curing scab and 

 many hand applications have also been 

 recommended. Hand treatment of 

 sheep, however, is as a rule unsatisfac- 

 tory for the reason that not all affected 

 areas can be recognized at the time of 

 treatment and some of the mites may, 

 therefore, escape. A fairly effective 

 hand application may be made by mix- 



ficials who have charge of this work in 

 the United States that all dips should 

 contain sulphur to the extent of lO 1 /^ 

 pounds per 100 gallons of water. 



Process of dipping—Sheep dip should 

 be used at a temperature of 100° to 

 110° F. and each sheep should be kept 

 in the dip for about 2 minutes. Where 

 a large number of sheep are to be dipped 

 an extensive system of corrals con- 



