188 



FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



manure is returned to the soil and the 

 fertility of the farm well maintained. 



This method of farming is well suited 

 to combining with hog feeding and 

 poultry raising, since the skim milk 

 obtained as a by-product is especially 

 valuable feed for both hogs and poultry. 

 If the reader has read that intensely 

 interesting book called, the Fat of the 

 Land written by Streeter, he will re- 

 member that butter making, combined 

 with hog and poultry raising, was the 

 combination used with such good results. 

 When asked by the dairymen why he se- 

 lected Holstein instead of Jersey cows, 

 his reply was that they were greater eat- 

 ers, produced a larger flow of milk and 

 more manure. These are points not al- 

 ways considered in their true light by 

 the live stock farmer. 



der of the corn fodder is shredded for 

 feed. Milk, butter and cream are sold. 

 The skim milk is fed to hogs and about 

 100 fat hogs are sold annually. Net 

 profits on this farm are stated to be 

 about $8,000 per year. 



The pasture system of dairy farming 

 can be much more profitably carried 

 out on a large farm than on a small one 

 and on higher priced land than is re- 

 quired for other kinds of stock. The great 

 dairy states are New York, Wisconsin, 

 Iowa, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Michigan, 

 Minnesota, Texas and Missouri. 



The dairy industry, while not greatly 

 developed in the southern states, is par- 

 ticulally suited to southern conditions, 

 because of the great variety of feeds 

 that can be grown and the long growing 

 season. The mild climate makes ex- 



136 — RECEIVING THE MORNING MILK SUPPLY IN THE CITY 



Pasture system illustrated — Prof. 

 Spillman in a recent yearbook of the 

 Department of Agriculture, gives the 

 pasturage system observed on the dairy 

 farm of Mr. T. E. Ellison of Allen 

 county, Indiana. The farm contains 

 about 320 acres and all the crops grown 

 are fed and considerable additional 

 feed purchased. One hundred and 

 five acres of the farm is kept in blue 

 grass pasture. Corn is grown on about 

 170 acres and the remainder is put into 

 oats, clover, alfalfa, etc. In addition to 

 the crops grown, 50 to 60 tons of bran 

 and gluten meal are fed annually. 



About 100 head of registered Jersey 

 cows and about 75 head of young stock 

 are kept. No breeding stock is sold. 

 The heifer calves are raised on skim 

 milk, clover hay and pasture. His 650 

 ton silo is filled each year with about 

 50 acres of the corn crop. The remain- 



pensive buildings unnecessary. Ice is 

 needed, of course, in butter making, 

 but the recent investigations of Babcock 

 and Russell have shown that it is not 

 at all necessary for cheese making. 



SYSTEMS OF CATTLE FARMING 



The raising of cattle for beef is an en- 

 tirely different proposition from dairy- 

 ing. Under ordinary conditions, cattle 

 are not marketed for beef until two or 

 three years old. During this time it is 

 necessary to carry them over at least 

 two winters at a considerable expense 

 for feed and care. On high priced land, 

 therefore, it requires especial skill to 

 raise beef cattle profitably. Prof. Spill- 

 man states that "very few men even in 

 the great live stock regions of the middle 

 west are able to make large profits from 

 the production of beef." 



There are many methods of producing 

 beef. In the dairy sections practically 



