218 



FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



reaching market, as the animals are con- 

 siderably bruised and the bruises thus 

 sustained show up still more when the 

 hide is off. It will be a fortunate day 

 for stock men when all stock can be 

 shipped in these improved cars without 

 unloading. 



Overloading cars — Considerable care 

 is necessary not to overload cars, since 

 stock does not look as well when it 

 reaches market, there is considerable 

 extra shrinkage in weight, which affects 

 the sale fully 10 cents a hundred pounds. 



Special horse cars — For shipping 

 high-grade stock, especially horses, a 

 form of palace car has been devised 

 which is thus described by Plumb : 

 "This is a car divided into stalls which 

 are adjustable. A horse is placed in one 

 end of the car with head facing the 

 side and a wooden partition is swung 

 against him and fastened to make one 

 side of a stall. A second horse is led 

 up along side the first, facing the same 

 way, and another partition is swung 

 about to form the side of a stall, thus 

 the entire side of the car, excepting for 

 a space in the center, is filled with 

 horses in independent stalls, each being 

 furnished with mangers for holding 

 water and hay. An alley extends along 

 in front of the horses, and there are 

 water pipes for use in watering at cer- 

 tain stages on the journey. The car also 

 has a chest for storing grain and over- 

 head racks for hay and straw. Such 

 a car is chartered and costs so much per 

 mile in addition to the regular carriage, 



this being charged by the company 

 owning the car." 



Size and capacity of cars — The usual 

 stock car has an inside length of about 

 34 feet, and has a capacity of 18 to 20 

 horses or cattle, 70 to 90 hogs in a single 

 floor, or 100 to 150 in a double decker, 

 and about 200 to 250 sheep in a double 

 deck car. With the smaller western 

 lambs still larger numbers can be car- 

 ried. Thus loaded, sheep and hogs have 

 sufficient space in which to lie down, 

 but cattle and horses are expected to 

 stand up throughout the journey. 



Bills of lading_I n making a ship- 

 ment of stock, either by express or 

 freight, the shipper is given a bill of 

 lading which shows the date of ship- 

 ment, to whom the shipment is made. 

 The rate of charge is also stated if the 

 shippers so desire. The shipper may 

 either retain this bill of lading in his 

 own possession if he goes with his stock, 

 or it may be sent to the person to whom 

 the shipment is consigned. This, how- 

 ever, is unnecessary when sending to 

 commission men, who are well known in 

 the city to which the stock is sent. 



When the agent or commission mer- 

 chant receives the stock, he must sign 

 a receipt showing that he has obtained 

 the stock in good condition. If, how- 

 ever, the stock has been injured through 

 negligence on the part of the railroad, 

 damages can usually be collected. 



Liability of railroads — I n making a 

 shipment of stock, the consignor is usu- 



RAILROAD RATES FOR STOCK FROM WESTERN POINTS PER HUNDRED WEIGHT 



From To Kansas City, Mo. To Omaha, Neb. 



1898 



Amarillo, Tex $0.28 



Barstow, Tex 47 



San Antonio, Tex 45 x /2 



Woodward, Okla 22 



McAlester, Ind. Ter... .22 



Greeley, Col 31 



Eldorado, Kan *33.00 



Logan, Kan *31.00 



Kearney, Neb — 



Alliance, Neb — 



Belle Fourche, S. D.. . — 



Eapid City, S. D — 



Dickinson, N. D — 



Helena, Mont — 



Miles City, Mont — 



Cheyenne, Wyo — 



Laramie, Wyo — 



Pocatello, Ida — 



- *car rates. 



January 

 1905 



1905 



January 



1898 



).34i/ 2 

 .50% 



•5iy 2 



.29i/ 2 



.31 



.33 



.14 



.15V 2 



To Chicago. 



January 

 1905 



).44V 4 $0.52% 



1898 



.563/ 4 



*$32.00 



53.00 



.36 



.35 



•62V 2 



.31 

 71.10 



•6iy 2 



$o.i5y, 



.27 

 .36 

 .35 



.62i/ 2 



.33 

 *71.10 

 '130.10 



36i/ 2 



283/ 4 



37y> 



46 

 48 

 47 

 48 

 71 

 48 

 47 

 47 

 81% 



•3iy 2 



•35i/ 2 



.37i/ 2 



.46 



.48 



.47 



.48 



.71 



.48 



.48 



.48 



.75 



