220 



FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



such rate for yardage, feed or commis- 

 sion, as has been established. 



Subdividing shipments — Stock is usu- 

 ally sold in bunches varying from one 

 to several hundred. The consignment 

 of each shipper is usually sold separately, 

 but may be subdivided by the commis- 

 sion agent, either for the purpose of 

 adjusting the number sold to the de- 

 mands of the individual buyer or for 

 the purpose of securing uniformity in 

 character and quality and thus obtaining 

 a better price for the whole lot. A 

 mixed shipment of cattle, for instance, 

 is usually divided according to the sex. 

 Cows, heifers, bulls and stags and steers 

 each being sold in a separate lot. The 

 subdivision thus made may be sold either 

 to one buyer or to many buyers. 



Final disposal of stock sold — As 

 soon as a bunch of stock is sold it is 

 driven to the scales and weighed. Ani- 

 mals bought by packers are immediately 

 driven to the packing houses which are 

 usually located in or near the stock 

 yards. Cattle are generally held a day 

 or more to rest and to reduce their tem- 

 perature to a normal point before kill- 

 ing. Hogs and sheep are usually killed 

 on the day of purchase. 



Bules of the stock yards — The gen- 

 eral regulations in stock yards are prac- 

 tically the same in all different cities. 

 When stock is unloaded, it is fed and 

 watered before being offered for sale, 

 and this expense must be borne by the 

 shipper, as well as the charge for weigh- 

 ing the animals when they are sold. 

 The dead and injured stock arriving at 

 the stock yards is disposed of by the 

 stock yard company for various pur- 

 poses. The fat is used for soap, the 

 lean meat and bones for fertilizers, etc. 

 The proceeds from these sources after 

 expenses are paid, are turned over to the 

 shipper. 



Water is supplied free in all yards. 

 The person in charge of a consignment 

 of stock fills out a blank form which 

 he presents at the office of a feed super- 

 intendent for whatever feed he desires. 



This feed is promptly delivered to the 

 pens anywhere in the yards. The cost 

 for hay in the different yards varies 

 from $1 to $1.50 a hundred weight and 

 of corn and oats from $1 to $1.25 a 

 bushel each. 



Commission charges — The regulations 

 adopted by the Chicago live stock ex- 

 change relative to commission charges, 



is shown in the following regulations in 

 force in 1907. 



Cattle — 50 cents a head. Not less 

 than $10 nor more than $12 a car. 



Calves — 25 cents a head. Not less 

 than $10 nor more than $12 a car. 

 Double-deck carloads $18. 



Milch cows — With calves by their 

 sides, 75 cents. 



Hogs — Single-deck cars containing 30 

 head or more, $8. Double-deck carloads 

 of hogs, $12. 



Sheep — Single-deck cars containing 30 

 head or more, $8. Double-deck carloads 

 of sheep, $12. 



Sheep originating in double-deck cars, 

 but for any reason arriving in single- 

 deck cars, where double-deck freight 

 rates are applied, may be sold at the 

 double-deck rate of commission, viz., 

 $12. 



Less than 30 head of hogs or sheep 

 in a single-deck car, with no other stock 

 n the car, shall be charged for at the 

 rate of 15 cents a head. 



Stock driven or hauled in : Cattle 50 

 cents, calves 25 cents, hogs 15 cents, 

 sheep 15 cents a head. 



Mixed stock in car lots — Cattle — 50 

 cents a head. Not to exceed $12 for the 

 cattle contained in the car. 



Calves — 25 cents a head. Not to ex- 

 ceed $12 for the calves contained! in 

 the car. 



Hogs — 15 cents a head. Not to ex- 

 ceed $8 for the hogs contained in the 

 car. 



Sheep — 15 cents a head. Not to ex- 

 ceed $8 for the sheep contained in the 

 car. 



The commission on mixed stock shall 

 be governed by this section, provided 

 the charge shall not be less than $10 on 

 a single-deck, or $14 on double-deck 

 cars, not more than $15 on a single-deck, 

 or $18 on double-deck cars, containing 

 two species of live stock; on cars con- 

 taining three species of live stock — 

 either single or double decks — the min- 

 imum charge shall be $15, maximum 

 $18 a carload. 



When part of a car is double-decked 

 and loaded with hogs or sheep or calves, 

 unmixed, the commission for selling 

 such fractional upper deck shall be at 

 the rates herein established for selling 

 single decks of mixed stock for each ani- 

 mal on the upper deck, not to exceed 

 $12 for the entire car. When mixed 

 the same rates shall apply, not to ex- 

 ceed $18 for the entire car. 



