366 



FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



and grading up with common stock has 

 not been tested to any marked extent in 

 the United States. The color standard 

 adopted for the United States is a solid 

 red of either a dark or light shade. The 

 horns are rather long but not heavy and 

 spreading, showing a graceful, forward 

 curve. 



Long Horn Leicestershire, or Craven 

 cattle, are descended from a breed of 

 cattle which became established in York- 

 shire, England, and was noted for its 

 beauty and fattening quality. The fa- 

 mous breeder, Bakewell, originated a 

 race of cattle known as the Dishley 

 breed, by crossing these cows with a 



being allowed along the under line and' 

 upon the udders of cows. Both of the 

 Welsh breeds are good milkers and pro- 

 duce an excellent quality of beef. They 

 are hardy and active and are, therefore,' 

 well adapted to maintaining themselves 

 under range conditions. 



Red polled cattle are commonly clas- 

 sified among the dual purpose breeds and 

 are sometimes called the Norfolk Polled 

 breed or Norfolk Red Polls. According 

 to the English standard, the color must 

 be red, while the tip of the tail and ud- 

 der may be white. The head must be 

 be decidedly that of the beef type. The 

 absolutely hornless and the form must 



Eig. 248 — RED POLLED BULL FALSTAFF II 



Northumberland bull. Notwithstanding 

 their apparent good qualities, the Long 

 Horns have ceased to be general favor- 

 ites, since Bakewell's time. At first, 

 this breed was too coarse, but con- 

 siderable improvement has been made, 

 especially in reducing the coarser parts 

 and increasing the size of the higher 

 priced cuts of meat. 



Welsh breeds of beef cattle— At pres- 

 ent there are two Welsh breeds, known 

 as North and South Wales cattle, or 

 Anglesey and Castle Martin breeds. 

 Both of these races are apparently 

 descended from the indigenous cattle of 

 Great Britain. The pure bred animals 

 are almost entirely black, a little white 



cows give sufficient milk to make profit- 

 able dairy animals, and at the same time 

 preserve the beef form. The Red Polls 

 are apparently the outcome of mixing 

 both Suffolk and Norfolk Polled cattle. 

 Improvement has been brought about by 

 careful selection and good feeding. 

 They were first imported into the United 

 States in 1873, and the Red Polled Cat- 

 tle Club of America was formed in 1883, 

 publishing the first herd book in 1887. 

 The Red Polls, although most numerous 

 in the central and Mississippi valley 

 states, are now registered from nearly 

 every state and territory in the Union. 

 Among the dual purpose breeds, the Red 

 Polls are perhaps the most popular at 



