FARMER'S CYCLOPEDIA OF LIVE STOCK 



appearance and is decidedly more active 

 than Shorthorns. 



Polled Durhams originated in Ohio, 

 from two sources; viz, a cross between 

 Shorthorn bulls and muley cows and 

 pure hornless Shorthorns, which oc- 

 casionally are seen as freaks in this 

 breed. They are, therefore, a double 

 standard breed and stand in the same re- 

 lation to the Shorthorn as the Polled 

 Hereford does to the standard Hereford 

 with horns. The American Polled Dur- 

 ham Breeders' Association was organized 

 in 1899. The Polled Durhams are be- 

 coming popular throughout the United 

 States and have been exported to some 

 extent abroad, where they are also mak- 

 ing a name for themselves. They are 



formed in 1880, and the breed has be- 

 come generally distributed throughout 

 the United States, the first record book 

 having been issued in 1882. Brown 

 Swiss cattle are well adapted to con- 

 ditions where a combination of dairying 

 and beef production is sought. The 

 size is medium; cows weigh from 1,200 

 to 1,300 pounds. The quantity of milk 

 is moderately large, and its fat content 

 good. The Brown Swiss cattle are ex- 

 cellent grazers, fatten readily when dry 

 and the calves develop rapidly. They 

 are fertile and excellent breeders. Ac- 

 cording to the American standard the 

 color is dark brown to light brown or at 

 some season of the year gray. A few 

 splashes of white near the udder are 



Pig. 



)0 — EXULISII TYPES OF DEVON COWS 



most numerous in Indiana, Illinois, 

 Ohio, Texas and other central states. 

 They were first exported to the Argen- 

 tine Eepublic in 1894. The appearance 

 and points of the Polled Durhams are 

 essentially the same as those of Short- 

 horns, but more attention has been given 

 to milking qualities, so that this breed 

 probably excels even the milking Short- 

 horns in the quantity of milk. 



Brown Swiss cattle are one of the 

 standard breeds from Switzerland, and 

 have become generally distributed 

 throughout Europe. It was first im- 

 ported into the United States in 1869 

 by Mr. Henry M. Clark of Belmont, 

 Mass., since which time many importa- 

 tions have been made. The American 

 Swiss Cattle Breeders' Association was 



not objectionable and a light stripe is 

 allowed along the back. The hair be- 

 tween the horns is light, but not red- 

 dish. The horns are rather short, fiat- 

 tish and with black tips. 



Holderness— As explained by Youatt, 

 the Shorthorns include the Holderness 

 and Teeswater breeds, which are sup- 

 posed to have been derived from a cross 

 with large bulls that were imported from 

 Holland into Yorkshire. The Holder- 

 ness is a large framed breed, with good 

 backs, long quarters, straight legs and 

 well developed udders. Frequently they 

 are white, with blue or gray spots; but 

 the majority of them are mouse-col- 

 ored and white. The Teeswater cattle 

 were of large size, but of an ungainly^ 



