SWINE 



537 



and are vigorous and thrifty and the 

 farmer is saved the expense of gather- 

 ing and husking the corn. No reliable 

 figures on this method of feeding are at 

 hand, but the practice is a common one 

 with many successful farmers. 



Corn shives or Marsden feed — This 

 material is the ground outer portion of 

 the corn stalk after the pith has been 

 removed for manufacturing purposes. 

 Several experiments were made with 

 this material at the Maryland station. 

 As a part of the ration this coarse fod- 

 der had considerable value for older pigs, 

 but much less value for young pigs. It 

 was more valuable when fed without 

 skim milk than when fed with it. When 

 fed with rich foods like linseed meal or 

 gluten meal it materially lessened the 

 amount of these feeds required and 

 cheapened the rations. From five or 

 six tests along this line that station con- 

 cludes that it is desirable to mix with 

 hog rations some such coarse material 

 as this as a substitute for grazing when 

 pigs are fed in confinement. 



Cottonseed and cottonseed meal — Ex- 

 periments with this material as a hog 

 food are unanimous in showing that in 

 large amounts it acts as a poison, result- 

 ing sooner or later in death. In small 

 amounts, properly combined with other 

 feeds, it is an excellent food and may 

 be used for balancing a ration of corn 

 and of increasing the rapidity of the 

 gains. In the following record of ex- 

 perimental data, the best methods of us- 

 ing it are pointed out. 



One of the first stations to study the 

 value of cottonseed and cottonseed meal 

 for hogs was the Texas station. In the 

 first experiments rather large amounts 

 of this material were fed, either boiled, 

 roasted or raw in the ration, as a result 

 of which the station came to the conclu- 

 sion that "there is no profit whatever 

 in feeding cottonseed in any form or 

 cottonseed meal to hogs of any age." In 

 other experiments at the same station, 

 hogs following cattle fed cottonseed 

 hulls and cottonseed meal required 4.4 

 pounds of grain additional to make a 

 pound of gain, while hogs following 

 cattle fed silage, hay, corn in the ear 

 and raw cottonseed required 3.2 pounds 

 of grain in addition to make a pound 

 of gain. 



More recently, Marshall at the same 

 station has shown that cottonseed meal 

 in small amounts may be fed to hogs in- 



definitely and that if the meal is first 

 fermented and fed in the form of a slop 

 larger amounts can be used than if fed 

 dry, especially if some green food is fed 

 at the same time with the slop. 



Forbes at the Missouri station found 

 that corn meal and fermented cottonseed 

 meal fed in the proportion of 8 :1 killed 

 three out of 15 hogs at the end of 51 

 days' feeding. Experiments at the Iowa 

 station in feeding hogs cottonseed meal 

 with corn show that while good gains 

 were made on these feeds, the hogs uni- 

 formly died when they consumed from 

 27 to 33 pounds of cottonseed meal per 

 hog. The hogs in the experiments 

 weighed about 100 pounds each. It was 

 about six weeks from the time the meal 

 was first fed until the hogs began to die. 



The Mississippi station investigated 

 the value of cottonseed meal raw and 

 cooked for hogs, but with unfavorable 

 results in both cases. The Kentucky 

 station, finishing hogs off, for three 

 weeks used cottonseed meal with other 

 grain at the rate of one-half pound daily 

 per head. Its use in this amount is 

 recommended for finishing off hogs, but 

 it should only be given alternate weeks. 



At the Alabama station, Duggar 

 found that when cottonseed meal con- 

 stituted one-fifth to one-half of the grain 

 ration for shotes weighing 60 to 118 

 pounds each, sickness or death followed 

 within from 34 to 38 days. The result 

 was the same whether the cottonseed 

 meal and grain were fed alone or with 

 a bountiful supply of grain, sorghum or 

 peanuts. No ill effect was noticed ear- 

 lier than the 31st day of feeding. With 

 young pigs the poisonous effects were 

 noticeable when they consumed 9.2 

 pounds per 100 pounds of weight. With 

 older shotes the effects were noticeable 

 after consuming a little more than 21 

 pounds. 



Experiments have been reported by the 

 Kansas station in feeding cottonseed 

 meal to hogs. The pigs refused to eat 

 a mixture of two-thirds corn meal and 

 one-third cottonseed meal. They did 

 eat a mixture of five-sixths corn meal 

 and one-sixth cottonseed meal and after 

 a few davs appeared to improve in appe- 

 tite. They made rapid gains and finally 

 were fed a ration consisting of one- 

 fourth cottonseed meal. All died within 

 45 days from the time feeding began and 

 some within three weeks. Two sows, 

 however, weighing 135 and 308 pounds 

 respectively, were made to consume a 



