OTHER USEFUL ANIMALS 



more buffalo blood in the catalo the 

 richer the milk and the more bovine 

 blood the more milk. The catalo always 

 has solid colors; he is black, brown, 

 brindle or white. The buffalo has been 

 crossed with all breeds of cattle, but the 

 Galloway is the best and produces the 

 finest robes in the catalo. The catalo is 

 reported to be a good feeder and to make 

 excellent returns for the feed consumed. 



Fig. 434 — ELK IN OREGON 



They have been produced in Kansas, 

 Montana and elsewhere, but only in 

 small numbers, and there is little likeli- 

 hood of their ever becoming very num- 

 erous. 



The catalo resembles the buffalo more 

 than domestic cattle in habits. Thus he 

 faces the wind in bad storms instead of 

 drifting with the storm like cattle. He 

 prefers to graze upon the range and suc- 

 ceeds in keeping himself fat continually. 

 As might be expected the catalo excels 

 domestic cattle in grazing power. If it 

 is desired to feed them in confinement, 

 the same feeds may be used as for cattle, 

 and in the same rations. 



DEER, ELK ANTELOPE, AND 

 MOOSE 



The preservation of game animals has 

 not long engaged the serious thought of 

 many men. The pioneer found game 

 abundant and killed it according to his 

 needs for food and clothing. As popu- 

 lation increased the forests were cut 

 down and the natural range of game be- 

 came occupied for farm land. Then, 

 too, the hunters became more numerous, 

 and hunting developed into a business, 

 or animals were hunted for commercial 

 purposes. Thus it rapidly came about 

 that game animals were killed much 

 faster than their natural rate of repro- 

 duction, and they were simultaneously 

 deprived of their breeding grounds. 

 This is in brief the history of the disap- 

 pearance of our game animals through- 

 out the greater part of the country. 



First the buffalo ceased to exist as a 

 wild animal and the former range of 

 deer, antelope, elk and moose has been 

 greatly curtailed. 



Preservation of game — A few men 

 have long been active in the preserva- 

 tion of game and their cry has been 

 heard on all occasions. Their propa- 

 ganda and the rapid disappearance of 

 our indigenous animals finally brought 

 the matter prominently before the atten- 

 tion of the public. Laws were passed in 

 nearly all states making close seasons 

 for game and limiting the size of the 

 yearly bag for each man. These meas- 

 ures alone have served to prevent the ex- 

 termination of the deer family in many 

 localities. In some places, however, the 

 problem was even more serious and re- 

 quired a different solution. In order to 

 prevent the total extermination of a 

 species of animal it is not enough that 

 we merely refrain from killing it faster 

 than it can multiply, but we must also 

 give it natural conditions in which to 

 live and multiply. This demand was met 

 by setting aside state and federal parks 

 and forest reserves which now aggregate 



Fig. 435 — PRONGHORN ANTELOPE 



more than 100,000,000 acres in area. 

 These reserves were primarily intended 

 to preserve the forests, but later it ap- 

 peared that they might serve the second- 

 ary purpose of protecting the game. 

 Hunting and other operations of pri- 

 vate individuals may be easily regulated 

 in state and federal parks. 



