38 THE farmer's guide. 



by keeping them in barns that are very close, and the ail' 

 confined ot impure, their milk, as well as their health, is 

 greatly injured. Cattle recjuire a good supply of salt, 

 which ought to be given them three times a week ; and 

 a full supply of pure water should always be within their 

 reach, or they require watering at least as often as three 

 times a day. Cattle, especially cows, ought never to be 

 kept in a close stable with horses, as diseases are often 

 communicated from one to the other. Nothing is more 

 hurtful to cattle than for them to be stabled where the 

 rain is dropping upon them. Those that have the care 

 of cows can not be too careful that they are always 

 milked clean ; if this is not attended to the cow gradu- 

 ally dries up. 



Before proceeding to speak of the diseases of cattle, 

 and their treatment, a few suggestions regarding their 

 age and size may not be improper. When administer- 

 ing medicines, the age and constitution of the animal are 

 to be considered, for a strong and healthy beast can bear 

 much more than a weak one. A beast under three years 

 old is not to be treated like one of five or six years of 

 age, for its bowels are tender. As for a bull of four 

 years old, he is to be treated in the same manner as an 

 ox of the same age. There are some very small speci- 

 mens of cattle, whose strength and constitution are in 

 proportion to their size, and they should be treated ac- 

 cordingly. 



TO MAKE XAR-NA^ATER FOR CATTLE. 



Take 1 qt. of tar, put to it 4 qts. of water, and stir it 

 well for 15 minutes ; let it stand for -^ an hour, and pour 

 it off for use. Do not put water to the same tar more 

 than twice, and give as hereafter prescribed. 

 PHYSIC. 



Purgatives are among the most useful of medicines 

 and, when properly administered, are of incalculable 

 benefit to the husbandman in arresting and curing most 

 of the diseases to which his cattle are subject. Great 

 care should however be taken that the ingi-edients used 

 are good, and that too large quantities are not given at 

 one time. 



