DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS II7 



doing the work is in having the instruments thor- 

 oughly cleaned and disinfected. A hypodermic 

 syringe is used and the injection made on the under- 

 side of the tail, a few inches from the tip, or just 

 beneath the skin of the neck or shoulder. The 

 point of the syringe should not puncture the muscle 

 at all ; simply pick up the skin and draw it away 

 from the muscle and admit the fluid in the loose 

 space between the two. 



When vaccinated, the treatment is supposed to 

 last about a year. If calves are vaccinated the 

 operation should be repeated at about the age of 

 yearling. Two periods of vaccination are sug- 

 gested: when turned to pasture in the spring or 

 when turned to dry food in the fall. Full direc- 

 tions as to the use of vaccines always accompany 

 the preparations and further detail is unnecessary 

 here. 



Preventive medicines cannot be relied upon, 

 although a common one is used throughout the 

 West, made as follows: 4 ounces of sulphur, i 

 ounce of saltpeter, 2 pounds of sulphate of iron, 

 and I pound of air-slaked lime. After being thor- 

 oughly pulverized and mixed, this is added to one- 

 third of a gallon of common salt and used in the 

 place of salt. 



BLADDER, STONE IN.— See Concretions or 

 Calculi in Urinary Organs. 



BLIND STAGGERS.— See Staggers. 



BLOATING IN CATTLE.— This disease, some- 

 times called hoven, is characterized by the disten- 

 tion of the paunch or rumen, and is due to the ac- 

 cumulation of gas. It most frequently occurs when 

 cattle or sheep are pastured on clover or alfalfa, 

 especially if it is moist just after a rain, or when 

 dew is on the ground, and when not accustomed to 



