CHAPTER V. 



NUTBITION STUDIES CONTINUED. 

 I. Additional Eequirements of the Animal. 



86. Air. — The first and most vital requirement of animals is air. 

 The amount of air breathed by farm animals, as given by King,^ is 

 placed in the first division of the table below. The second division 

 shows the quantity of fresh air that must pour into a room where 

 animals are confined, in order to provide substantially pure air, or 

 that which does not contain over 3.3 per ct. of air that has been pre- 

 viously breathed. 



Air breathed hy animals, and air required for good ventilation. 



Ail' breathed 



Hourly 



Ventilation require- 

 ment per animal 



Hourly Per 24 hrs. 



Cu 



Horse 

 Cow _ 

 Pig - 

 Sheep 



ft. 

 142 



in 



46 

 30 



Cu. ft. 

 .3, 401 

 2,804 

 1,103 

 726 



Lbs. 

 272 

 224 



89 

 58 



Cu. ft. 

 4,296 

 3,542 

 1,392 

 917 



Cu. ft. 

 103, 104 



85,008 

 33,408 

 22,008 



The table shows that the horse breathes hourly 142 cu. ft. of air, 

 and daily about 3,400 cu. ft., which weighs about 272 lbs. To pro- 

 vide the horse in confinement with air not more than 3,3 per ct. of 

 which has been previously breathed, there must hourly pass into 

 the room not less than 4,296 cu. ft., or over 103,000 cu. ft. each 24 

 hours. 



The cow gives off about 19 therms of heat each 24 hours, or 

 enough to raise 79,603 cu. ft. of dry air from 0° F. to 50° F. As 

 shown in the preceding table, proper ventilation for the cow re- 

 quires that about 85,000 cu. ft. of air be brought into the stable 

 each 24 hours. This is only a little more air than the natural heat 

 from her body will raise from 0° F. to 50° F., which is a desirable 

 winter temperature for cow stables in cold climates. 



87. Water. — Animals can live much longer without solid food 

 than without water, and an insufficiency of water in the body causes 

 serious disturbances. The processes of mastication, digestion, ab- 



^ Ventilation for Dwellings, Kural Schools and Stables. 



62 



