Feeding Standards — Calculating Rations. 



119 



142. Kellner's feeding standards. — Below are given the standard 

 rations for the several classes of farm animals as formulated by 

 Kellner : 



The Kellner standards per 1000 Ihs. of farm animal. 



Dry 



matter 



Digestible nutrients 



Protein 



Starcli values 



Maintenance of mature steer 



Fattening steer 



Milch cow, yielding 20 lbs. milk daily 

 Milch cow, yielding 30 lbs. milk daily 

 Milch cow, yielding 40 lbs. milk daily 



Horse at light work ._ 



Horse at medium work 



Horse at lieavy work 



Fattening swine, 1st period 



Fattening swine, 2d period 



Fattening swine, 3d period 



15-21 

 24-32 

 25-29 

 27-33 

 27-34 

 18-23 

 21-26 

 23-28 

 33-37 

 28-33 

 24-28 



Lbs. 



0.6 

 1.5-1.7 

 1.6-1.9 

 2.2-2.5 

 2.8-3.2 



1.0 



1.4 



2.0 



3.0 



2.8 



2.0 



Lbs. 



6.0 

 5-14. 5 

 8-11. 2 

 8-13.9 

 9-16.6 



9.2 

 11.6 

 15.0 

 27.5 

 26.1 

 19.8 



In the Kellner standards the nutrients required are expressed in 

 digestible protein and starch values; for example, a mature rest- 

 ing steer weighing 1000 lbs. requires for maintenance 0.6 lb. di- 

 gestible protein and 6.0 lbs. starch values. Kellner holds that 

 the amids have doubtful nutritive value, and therefore may be 

 ignored in ordinary rations. Accordingly in his tables and stand- 

 ards the nitrogenous substance set forth is protein and not crude 

 protein, (5) 



The studies of Kellner, Zuntz, and Armsby are preparing the 

 way for nutrition tables and feeding standards that in time may 

 entirely supplant those of Wolff. The Kellner table of starch 

 values is not here given, but instead Armsby 's table of energy 

 values, which is similar and will suffice in this elementary gen- 

 eral presentation of the subject. 



VI. The Armsby Feeding Standards. 



143. The Armsby energy values. — Armsby^ of the Pennsylvania 

 Station is studying the nutrient requirements of the ox with the 

 first and only respiration calorimeter used in the study of farm 

 animals in America. From his own work and that of Kellner 

 he has constructed the following table, which shows the net energy 



> U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Anim. Indus., Buls. 51, 74, 101 ; Farmers ' Bui. 346. 



