Inv 



ions Concerning the Horse. 



251 



The average yearly gain in weight of these foals was : 



Lbs. 

 Average weight at birth 110 



Average gain during first year 534 



Average gain during second year 264 



Average gain during third year 118 



Average gain during fourth year 76 



Average weight at end of the fourth full year 1,102 



389. Mare's milk. — Below is given the average composition of 

 mare's milk with cow's milk for comparison:^ 



Mare's milk compared with cow's milk. 



It is shown that mare's milk contains more water and only about 

 one-half as much casein, albumen, and ash as cow's milk, while the 

 sugar is nearly 1 per ct. higher. (595) It is white or bluish in 

 color and has an aromatic, sweetish, slightly bitter taste. Accord- 

 ing to Fleishmann,- Tartarian mares sometimes remain in milk for 

 2 years, producing 440 to 490 lbs. of milk annually in addition to 

 that required by their foals. Vieth^ reports that good Russian milk- 

 ing mares, when milked 5 times a day as is the practice, yield 4 to 5 

 quarts of milk daily. 



When it becomes necessary to rear foals on cow's milk, it should 

 be diluted with water, and sugar added, tlio Peterson and Hofker* 

 question the advisability of adding sugar. 



II. The Relation of Feed to the Work of the Horse. 



The most complete and extensive investigations with the horse 

 bearing on the relations of feed to work are those of Wolff, Gran- 

 deau, and Leclerc, and the more recent studies of Zuntz and his 

 associates. Wolff's experiments were with a sweep-power con- 

 structed to act as a dynamometer so that the amount of work per- 

 formed could be measured. Zuntz, in conjunction with Lehmann 



1 Konig, Chem. d. menseh. Nahr. u. Genuss-mittel, 1904, Vol. II, pp. 602, 663. 

 - Lehrb. d. Milchwirtschaft, 1901, p. 65. 

 ^ Landw. Vers. Stat., 31, 1885, p. 354. 

 * Milch. Ztg., 26, 1897, p. 647. 



