306 Feeds and Feeding. 



Cottrell, Otis, and Haney of the Kansas Station^ report that kafir 

 meal, given dry, is particularly suited to feed with skim milk because 

 its constipating nature overcomes the scouring tendency of the 

 milk. (183) 



From experiments at the Louisiana Station- AVoodward and Lee 

 conclude that on account of its laxative effect "blackstrap" or cane 

 molasses cannot be used as a supplement to skim milk for calf feeding 

 in sufficient quantity to be of any practical value. (314) 



Kellner^ states that buckwheat meal is said to produce the best re- 

 sults of any cereal used in veal making and to injure the quality of 

 the flesh least. (180) 



481. Saccharified starch. — Starch converted into sugar thru the 

 action of diastase constitutes "saccharified starch," a food substance 

 attracting attention in Europe. In experiments covering 3 years with 

 70 calves Hansen* found saccharified starch, obtained by treating 

 starch with proprietary preparations containing malt extract, a 

 cheap substitute for milk fat when fed with skim milk. Calves 

 reared on skim milk and saccharified starch produced cheaper gains 

 than from whole milk, made entirely satisfactory gains, were sleek 

 and thrifty, and developed afterwards in a tlioroly satisfactory man- 

 ner. Feeding more than 0.8 lb. of saccharified starch per head daily 

 leads to scouring. The entire withdrawal of whole milk from very 

 young calves is not recommended. The use of saccharified starch is 

 held to render skim milk of greater nutritive value and makes possi- 

 ble a somewhat earlier change from whole to skim milk. The above 

 suggests the use of ground malt in calf feeding, since in malt the 

 starch of the barley grain has been changed to sugar. 



482. Miscellaneous. — At the Massachusetts Station^ Lindsey 

 found that cod-liver oil added to skim milk proved unsatisfactory, the 

 calves sometimes refusing the combination. A cheap grade of oleo- 

 margarine was heated to 110° F. and mixed with skim milk by churn- 

 ing. It was found that 1 ounce of oil per quart of skim milk was 

 all that the calf could take without indigestion being produced. Cot- 

 ton-seed oil and corn oil to the amount of one-half ounce per quart 

 of milk were fed Avithout bad effect. A calf fed skim milk containing 

 1 part oleo and 2 parts brown sugar gained over 2 lbs. daily, with 

 kidneys well covered with fat. Calves thus fed were superior to 

 those receiving skim milk only, but not equal in fatness to sucking 

 calves. 



' Bui. 93. ■• Landw. Jahrb., 37, 1908, Sup. Ill, p. 235. 



^ Bui. 104. ''Epts. 1893, 1894. 



^ Ernahr. landw. Nutztiere, 1907, p. 458. 



