POPPY FAMILY. Papaveraceas. 



a terminal cluster. Fertilized mainly by the smaller 

 bees. The ovoid seed-pod hairy. The two sepals falling 

 early. 12-16 inches high. In low damp woods, from 

 western Pa., west to Tenn., Mo., and Wis. Found near 

 St. Libory, St. Clair Co., 111. 



Celandine ^ common weed naturalized from 



Cheiidunium Europe, and found usually in or about the 

 majus eastern towns. The leaves are somewhat 



Deep yellow similar to those of the preceding species, 

 ay ugu light lustreless green, smooth, and orna- 

 mentally small-lobed. The small deep yellow flower 

 (with four petals), | inch broad or less, has a prominent 

 green style, and many yellow stamens. The plant has a 

 strong yellow sap. 1-2 feet high. Common in waste 

 places eastward. Found in Cambridge, Mass., and Ply- 

 mouth, N. H. 



A yellow poppv with prickly thistlelike 

 Prickly Poppy , -^ , . ^ r i ^i ., 



j^.,..n „« leaves, very light green and smooth with 



Mexicana a slight whitish bloom, commonly culti- 



Yeilow vated, and escaped to roadsides and waste 



June-Septeni= places ; a native of Mexico. Flowers 

 usually two inches broad or more, with 

 four bright yellow petals, and numerous golden stamens. 

 This poppy like all others is sought by the honej^bee for 

 its pollen ; it does not jdeld honey. The broad surface 

 of the stigmas of poppies in general being a convenient 

 alighting platform for insects, the flowers are surely 

 adapted to cross-fertilization ; although the anthers ripen 

 in the bud, and are directly over the stigma, Miiller is of 

 the opinion that cross-fertilization prevails. Self-fertili- 

 zation in the case of Argemone is even less likely, as the 

 stigmatic surface is small and far less exposed to the 

 overhanging anthers. The fruit-capsule nearly an inch 

 long, and armed with prickles. Rarely the flowers are 

 white. Stem stout, bristly, and 1-2 feet high. Usually 

 found near dwellings and on the neglected borders of 

 old highways, from N. Eng. south, and west to Ohio 



The irregular-flowered group of Papaveraceoe, formerly 

 called FumariacecE, has finely cut compound leaves, and 

 somew^hat sack-shaped flowers with spurred petals. 



158 



