VIOLET FAMILY. Violaceas. 



from Me., south in the mountains of N. Car., and west 



to Minn. Found in Campton, N. H. 



^ „ „ This is a rather tall and forking; species 



Downy Yellow , , . , , , ■ , • ^ n 



Violet lackmg the lowly habit of the common 



Viola pubesce US violet. The light green stem is fine-hairy 

 Pale above, though usually smooth below. 



T^r-rmt^'"'^ The leaves are deep green, broad heart- 

 shaped, slightly scallop-toothed, and some- 

 what soft-hairy to the touch. The small flowers are 

 pale golden yellow, veined with madder purple ; the 

 lower petal, conspicuously veined, is short (set horizon- 

 tally), with a two-scalloped tip and a short spur. The 

 flowers grow singly on thin stalks from the fork of two 

 leaf-stalks. The anthers and the style obstruct the 

 throat of the flower, and the side petals, heavily bearded, 

 compel the entering insect to brush against the stigma 

 and finally against the anthers in the effort to obtain 

 nectar. The commonest visitors are the small bees of 

 the genus Halictus and Andrena, and the bee-fly Bom- 

 bylius fratellus ; the yellow butterfly, Colias philodice, 

 is an occasional caller. 6-17 inches high. In woodlands 

 from Me., south to Ga., and west to S. Dak. and Iowa. 

 The var. scahriiiscula is not so tall, the stems are slender, 

 it is only slightly fine-hairy, and the leaves are generally 

 acute at the apex, and distinctly scallop-toothed. 4-12 

 inches high. In moist thickets or woodlands from Me., 

 south to Ga., and Tex., and west to Neb. 



A smooth sweet-scented species with a 

 Viola Cana- ^^^^' ^^^^Y Stem resembling that of the 

 densis foregoing. The heart-shaped, deep green 



Pale violet, leaves, broader or longer, with a slightly 

 ^^^^^ toothed edge, on long stalks, growing 



^^" " ^ alternately. The flowers springing from 



the forking leaf-stalks are lighter or deeper violet on the 

 outside of the petals and nearly white on the inside, 

 with the throat yellow-tinted; the three lower petals are 

 purple- veined, the side petals bearded, and the middle 

 petal is acutely tipped. Rarely the flowers are altogether 

 white. 5-15 inches high, occasionally more. In hilly 

 woods from Me., south to S. Car. and Tenn., among the 

 mountains, west to Neb., S. Dak., and in the Rockies. 

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