BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginaceae. 



smooth stem, and dark green acute lance-shaped or oblong 

 leaves, has escaped from cultivation in some of the east- 

 ern States, and is established permanently in many lo- 

 calities, generally adjoining old dwellings. 2-6 feet high. 



. ,, . . A smooth perennial with slender and 



Greek Valerian on t • -, 



Polemonixim weak stems nnaliy reclining, and com- 



reptans pound alternately growing leaves formed 



Light violet of 5-15 ovate lance-shaped leaflets ; the up- 

 April-May permost leaves generally simple ; all tooth- 



less. Flowers about ^ inch long, liglit blue-violet oi- 

 rarely white, in loose clusters and nodding — bluebell- 

 like. 8-13 inches high. In thin w^oods, N. Y., south 

 to Ga., west to Minn, and Mo. 



^, . ^^ A much rarer species, found only bv the 



Jacob s Ladder ^ , . , n 



Polemonium mountain Streams and in the swamps of 

 cceruleum. the north. It has a stout horizontal root 



Violet from which spread numerous rootlets, 



May-July ^^,-^j^ erect stems smooth and leafy to the 



top. Leaves compound like those of the preceding- 

 species, the lower ones consisting of 15-19 nearly stem- 

 less, ovate pointed leaflets. Flowers numerous in a 

 somewhat long cluster, bright violet, and nearly 1 inch 

 broad, with conspicuous stamens and style, the five lobes 

 of the corolla rounded. 1-2| feet high. From Vermont 

 and northern N. Y., south to Md. Common only in the 

 far north. Found at Abby Pond, Ripton, Vt. 



BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginacece 



In our range annual or perennial herbs with rough- 

 hairy stems and generally alternate, toothless, rough 

 leaves. The blue-violet flower perfect and regular with 

 a five-lobed corolla {Echiinn excepted), and five stamens. 

 Flowers mostly in one-sided spikes, which at first are 

 somewhat rolled up, straightening as the blossoms ex- 

 pand. Cross-fertilized mostly by butterflies and bees. 



An ill-smelling biennial with a fiiie- 

 TyZgioslunr^ ^i^i^T, stout, branching stem, and with 

 officinale laiice-shaped leaves stemless, except the 



Magenta basal ones which are oblong and long 



J""^~ slender-stemmed. The small magenta 



September ^^ ^.^^.^^^ ^^,j^.^g flowers, five-lobed, and 



37<J 



