BORAGE FAMILY. Boraginacex. 



west to Minn. Both of tliese last species are naturalized 

 from Europe. Litliospermum is formed of the Greek 

 words stone and seed, referring to the hard seed. 

 Lithospermum ^^ indigenous species, the so-called 

 conescens Puccoon of the Indians. A perennial, 



Orange=yeIlow soft-hairy and rather hoary, with obtuse 

 March-June linear-oblong leaves, stemless and hairy. 

 The orange-yellow flowers w^ith a broad corolla, salver- 

 formed and five-lobed, about | inch long. 6-18 inches 

 high. Cross-fertilized by bees and butterflies ; some of 

 the latter are Papilio ajax, PapiUo aster ias, Colias 

 philodice, and Os)iiia cobaltina. In dry soil, Me., south 

 to N. J. and Ala., and west to Minn., S. Dak., Kan., and 

 Ariz. Rare in New Eng. The roots yield a red dye. 



A densely' harsh-hairy perennial herb, 

 Qromwell ^^^® hairs of which lean toward stem and 



Onosmodium leaf, the stem slender and branching. The 

 Virginionum light green leaves oblong lance-shaped. 

 Cream white Flowers cylindrical, cream white, with 

 five long sharp lobes ; the style threadlike 

 and extending far beyond the mouth of the corolla ; the 

 calyx with five sharp segments ; the flower-cluster at 

 first curved, finally erect and long. Flowers i inch long. 

 The flower matures the stigma before the anthers ; it is 

 mostly cross-fertilized by the butterflies. 1-2 feet high. 

 Banks and hillsides from Me., south, and west to Kan. 



A rough-bristly annual species, natural- 

 Small Bugloss . . . -c, VI u 1 

 Luconsis ^^^^ from Europe, with a branchmg stem 

 arvensis and lance-sliaped leaves. The light blue- 

 Light violet violet flowers in crowded clusters, the 

 *'""^" calyx nearly as long as the curved corolla. 

 ep em er ^^ ^^^^ high. In fields and on roadsides 

 near dwellings, from Me. to Pa. and Va. The name 

 Greek, Xvho<3, a wolf, and otpi^, a face : but the flower's 

 face scarcely looks that way ! 



Sometimes called blueweed, and in fact 

 Bueloss ^ flower sufficient!}^ approaching a blue 



Echium vulgare tone to justify the name: but the blos- 

 Blue=violet soms actually range between lilac, purple, 

 June-July ^^^^ violet of a bluish cast. It is a bien- 



exceedingly bristly-hairy stem, and hairy- 

 382 



