FIGWORT FAMILY. Scrophulariaceae. 



ternately. The flower-cluster is terminal and dome- 

 shaped, the flower two-lipped, the prominent upper lip 

 dull dark whitish-opaque magenta, and strongly curved 

 in a hook-shape with a two-toothed tip ; the lower is 

 three-lobed and dull green-yellow. The coarse and 

 hairy, light green calj^x is tinged at the edge with dull 

 crimson-magenta. Bractlike leaves are set close in the 

 flower-cluster, which lengthens to an oblong shape as 

 the flowers develop. The four stamens are under the 

 hooded upper lip admirably protected from rain or other 

 pollen-destroying agents ; the flower is fertilized mostly 

 by bees ; the bumblebees and the bees of the genus 

 Halictus are common visitors. 5-12 inches high. Com- 

 mon everywhere. Me., south, west to S. Dak. Found 

 on the Campus of Smith's College, Northhampton, Mass. 

 Pedicularis ^ species with less crowded flowers, few 



lanceolata of which blooni together, and a simple, 



Light Naples nearly smooth light green stem. The deep 

 yellow green leaves are broad lance-shaped and 



finely cut in the semblance of a fern ; they grow op- 

 positely, or nearly so. The upper and lower lips of the 

 corolla are pale dull Naples jellow, and press against 

 each other nearly closing the throat of the flower. The 

 same bees are common visitors. 12-34 inches high. In 

 swampy places, Conn., south to Va., west to S. Dak. 



A delicate, low annual commonlj- found 

 Melampyrum "^ ^^^® half -shaded borders of woods espe- 

 Americannm cially in the northeastern States, with 

 Greenish white slender, wiry, gray -green, branching stem, 

 July-Septem= .^^-^^ yellow-green, lance-shaped leaves, the 

 ^^ lower ones toothless and the upper with 



generally 2-4 bristlelike teeth or lobes near the base, all 

 set in pairs, and growing oppositely. The frail greenish 

 white flowers are cylindrical, opening into two lips, the 

 lower lip three-lobed, and tinged straw yellow. The flow- 

 ers grow singly from between the leaves, and are less than 

 I inch long ; their common visitors are the yellow butter- 

 fly Colias pliilodice, che spotted brown one, Junonia 

 ccenia, and the white cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapoi ; 

 they are also visited by various bees. 4-10 inches high. 

 The name from the Greek, meaning black u'heat. 



434 



