MADDER FAMILY. Rubiacew. 



in the mountains) to Ga. and Ala., and west to Ark. 



The var. ciliolata has thicker leaves | inch long, with 



the edges conspicuously hairs- -fringed, and flowers in 



small clusters. 5-7 inches high. On the rocky shores 



of the Great Lakes, and south in woodlands to Pa., West 



Va., Ky., and Ark. ; with various intergrading forms 



passing to the var. longifolia, which has thinner, linear 



and acute leaves, often a full inch long ; the root- leaves 



are not hairy-fringed. 5-18 inches high. From Me., 



south to Ga., and west to Minn, and Mo. Frequent in 



the Lake Champlain Valley. 



A little trailing vine with dark green 



Twinberrv evergreen leaves green-white-veined and 



MitcheUa wide, slightly heart-shaped at the base. 



repens The commonly four-lobed twin flowers 



Cream white (sometimes conjoined with 8-10 lobes) are 



^'" '^, cream white and flne-hairv inside, but 



May-June " ' 



faint crimson-pink and smooth outside ; 

 they terminate the short branches, and are two-formed, 

 i. e., staminate (with abortive pistil) and pistillate (with 

 abortive stamens). Cross-fertilized by the same insects 

 which visit the Mayflower and Houstonia. 6-12 inches 

 long. In w^oods from Me., south, and west to Minn., 

 Ark., and Tex. Named for Dr. John Mitchell. 



A slender, rather erect, perennial herb 

 Bedstraw naturalized from Europe, with a smooth, 



Galium vei-um squarish stem a trifle woody at the base. 

 Yellow The narrow, linear, rough, light green 



May-August ig^ves, in circles of 6-8, are about an inch 

 long. The tiny, yellow, four-lobed flowers are in small 

 terminal clusters, or at the leaf-angles. 8-30 inches 

 long. In dry waste places and borders of fields. Me., 

 occasional in Vt., south to N. J., near the coast. 



An annual species with the usual weak 

 Qoosegrass recUning stem characteristic of the Gali- 

 Galiumnparineums, which hangs upon shrubbery by 

 White means of the backward-hooked prickles of 



May-August ^^^^i leaf and stem. The blunt lance- 

 shaped, light green leaves with roughened edge and rib 

 are nearly 2 inches long, and set in a circle of 6-8. 

 About two tiny white flowers are borne on a stalk. Fruit 

 442 



