BELLFLOWER FAMILY. Campanulacese. 



with five stamens and a three-lobed pistil. There are 



also earlier flowers which are cleistogamous — closed to 



all outward agencies and self -fertilized. Stem 5-22 



inches long. Common in poor soil on hills and in dry 



open woodlands. Me., south, west to Ore. and Utah. 



A common garden perennial, natural- 

 Bellflower ■ -, . t? ^ * 



Campanula ^^^^ from Europe, and a frequent escape 



rapuncuioich's from cultivation. The simple, erect, and 

 Purple rigid stem is light green and slightly rough - 



July-August hairy ; the leaves are thin, fine-hairy, and 

 light green, the uppei; ones broad lance-shaped, the lower 

 arrow-head-shaped with a heart-shaped base ; all are ir- 

 regularly scallop-toothed. The bell-shaped purple flow- 

 ers have five acute lobes, and hang downward mostl}^ on 

 one side of the stem : the pistil is white and protruding ; 

 the stigma three-lobed and purple-tinged ; the linear 

 lobes of the green calyx are strongly turned backward. 

 The common visitors of the flower are the honeybee and 

 bumblebee. 1-3 feet high. In fields and on roadsides. 

 Me., to southern N. Y., Pa., and Ohio. 



A most dainty and delicate perennial 

 Harebell or plant, yet one so remarkably hardy that it 

 Bluebell ^ . , , ^ , , n 



Campanula survives the cold and storms of mountam- 



rotundifolia tops over 5000 feet above sea-level. It is 



Light violet common in the Chasm of the Ausable 



June- River and on the summits of the White 



September _, ^ . ^ ,, , ,. , 



Mountanis. In spring the plant displays 



a tuft of round leaves (hence the name rotundifolia), 

 small and sparingly toothed ; these wither before the 

 time of flowering (rarely they remain until that time), 

 and are succeeded by a tall wiry stem, with linear, pale 

 olive green leaves and a succession of airy blue- violet 

 bells depending from threadlike pedicels (flower-stems). 

 The corolla is five-lobed, and graded in color from light 

 violet or pale lavender to white at its base ; the promi- 

 nent pistil is tipped with a three-lobed stigma, which is 

 at first green and finally white ; the five anthers are a 

 delicate lavender tint. The chief visitor is the bumble- 

 bee, who must clasp the prominent stigma before he can 

 enter the inverted bell ; in the bustling endeavor to reach 

 the base of the blossom some of the pollen obtained from 

 45S 



