COMPOSITE FAMILY. Compositae. 



A similar species with the same magenta 

 Echinacea flowers and long lance-shaped leaves, very 



^^ * * rough, without teeth, and three-ribbed. 



The flowers are a deeper color when they at first expand. 

 Rare on roadsides and fields in N. Eng., where it has 

 come from the west ; 111. and Ala., west to Minn., Neb., 

 and Tex. The name from £;i;^^o?» hedgehog. 



A closelv allied species with golden yel- 

 Ta!ICone= ^ r. ^ . . Zi l ^ 



flower ^^^ flowers whose rays droop ; the central 



Rudbeckia green-j^ellow cone, at first hemispherical, 



laciniata is finally elongated and brown. Nearly 



Golden yellow gmooth, deep green leaves, the lowest com- 

 pound, the intermediate irregularly 3-5-parted, the up- 

 permost small and elliptical. Fertilized mostly by the 

 bees ; among the bumblebees, Bombus separaius and 

 Bombus americanorimi are frequent visitors. The branch- 

 ing stems 3-10 feet high. In moist thickets, Vt. and N. 

 Y., south and west. Named for Professors Rudbeck. 

 Rudbeckia Flower-disc purple-brown, at first hemi- 



triloba spherical, and afterward oblong-ovoid ; 



Golden yellow about 8-10 golden yellow rays, deeper at 

 August ^|-^g base, and somewhat long-oval. Upper 



leaves rough, thin, bright green, ovate lance-shaped, 

 lower ones three-lobed, tapering at the base, and coarsely 

 toothed. Stem hairy, much branched, and many-flow- 

 ered ; the flowers small, about 2 inches broad. 2-5 feet 

 high. On dry or moist ground. N. J., south to Ga., 

 west to Mich., S. Dak., and La. 



A biennial. The commonest eastern spe- 

 Black=Eyed ^^^^^ although its seed originally came 

 c"ne=f lower fi'om the west mixed with clover seed. 

 Rudbeckia Both stem and leaves are very rough and 



hirta hvistly ; the former exceedingly tough, the 



Deep golden latter dull olive green, lance-shaped, tooth- 

 ye ow j^^^ ^^, nearly so, and scattered along the 



rigid stem ; the lower leaves broader at 

 the tip and three-ribbed. The deep gold yellow ray- 

 flowers are neutral without stamens or pistils ; tliey curl 

 backward ; the disc is madder purple, and the tiny florets 

 encircle it in successive bloom, creating a zone of yellow 

 when the pollen is ripe ; later the stigmas are matured. 

 508 



