THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



175 



northeast corner. Construct a ditch clear around the 

 tract, with gates so that the water can be flowed west- 

 ward and fed through spouts to the northern part of 

 the field, the surplus water passing away in the ditch 

 on the west. The surplus water on the field will be 



The dots indicate spouts to convey water from the ditches to the 

 land. Spouts may also be used to drain water from the tract above, into 

 the cross ditches, but should be placed a little higher than the spouts 

 on the lower side. With a field arranged like the diagram irrigation 

 consists in raising and lowering headgates. 



caiight up in a cross ditch, a third of the way down the 

 field, and may be used to water the central part of the 

 field, or allowed to waste in the ditch on the west, or if 

 it is desired to water the middle or lower parts of the 

 field the water can be turned down the ditch to the 

 east, and forced into either cross ditch as desired, and 

 the water confined to the land intended to be watered. 



If a field cannot be properly laid out without the 

 services of an engineer it will be much cheaper to get 

 one than to try to get along in a slipshod manner by 

 attempting to drive the water where you want it with 

 a shovel. Irrigating is easy where the ditches are prop- 

 erly laid out. Where they are not, it is slavery. 



Unless the soil has moisture sufficient to bring 

 grain up and keep it thriving until it is in the milky 

 stage, irrigate before planting. Irrigate again in the 

 milky stage, and with ordinary soil this should be suffi- 

 cient to mature the crop. When the soil five or six 

 inches below the surface will remain in a ball when 

 squeezed in the hand, it does not need water. If not, it 

 is time to. irrigate. 



Address of Senator Clark Before 

 Public Land Convention 



Held at Denver, Colo.. June, 1907 



One of the Alluring Features of Settlement in a New Country "Two 



Fawns Just Discovered." Photo Taken on Line of 



Great Northern Railway. 



(Concluded.) 



Instead of going out freely upon the public do- 

 main and selecting that portion that he thinks will 

 make a good farm and that in his judgment is agri- 

 cultural land, his judgment counts for nothing and 

 the inspector sent to look at it is the man who 

 tells this farmer whether or not that land is 

 good farming land. Then if he has good luck, he 

 can get a favorable report on it and possibly in time 

 he can acquire a patent. I believe there have been 

 none acquired yet. But suppose he acquires his patent. 

 Gentlemen, man is a social animal. The hermit is the 

 exception. Men only enjoy themselves and grow when 

 they are associated with others. Is there a man in this 

 house that would go out fifty miles from the nearest 

 settlement and build a home if he thought he could 

 not have neighbors? Is there a man, a good citizen of 

 the United States, with a family to rear, that would 

 rear that family in a place where it was impossible for 

 him to have schools? Now, the practical effect of for- 

 est reserves is to isolate man and to isolate the home. 

 But there is something about this that I do not really 

 understand. The law says, as I understand it, that 

 these reserves shall be open for homestead settlement, 

 and I suppose they are ; but there is something in every 

 proclamation creating these forest reserves, the recent 

 ones, that seems at least to determine the attitude of the 

 forestry service toward these lands, and this is in plain 

 language in the proclamation itself: 



"Warning is hereby given to all persons not to 

 make settlement upon the lands reserved by this proc- 

 lamation." (Laughter.) 



Now, Mr. Chairman, I ought not to have talked 

 this long. (Eequested by many delegates to proceed.) 

 I have been led by the interest which I feel in this 

 matter. That alone has led me to appear here. The 

 greater part of my life has been passed in the Eocky 

 mountain country. God willing, when my time come& 

 I shall die here, and poor, scantily inhabited and bar- 

 ren as she may be, I am as fond and as proud of 

 Wyoming as our Secretary of the Interior is of the 

 grand old state of Ohio. I do not believe the general 

 Government of the United States, whatever right it may 

 have in law and I am not here to discuss law has any 

 right in morals to put a repressive hand upon a single 

 prospective industry in my state. (Applause.) It is 

 not my purpose to discuss the wisdom of the coal land 

 withdrawals. It would take me too long if I should 

 give my views upon that matter. They are somewhat 

 radical. But we from the very foundation in the 

 state of Wyoming have built largely our hope of future 

 development upon the individual ownership and pro- 

 duction of our magnificent coal fields. It goes a little 

 hard where men, in toil and sweat, aye, almost in 

 blood, have been trying to lay the foundation of a new 

 state, to see its foundation so rudely shaken by one act 

 of an administrative pen. We believe that our mag- 

 nificent public domain should be administered not in 

 the interests of the general Government, but in the 

 interests of the people of the state of Wyoming. 



