THE IRRIGATION AGE. 



249 



SEEPED LANDS. 



BY L. G. CARPENTEU. 

 Professor of Civil and Irrigation En- 

 gineering, Colorado Agricultural Col- 

 lege, Fort Collins. 



One of the conclusions ot the in- 

 vestigations reported in bulletin No. 

 45, of the Colorado Experiment Sta- 

 tion, was that most of the seep water 

 came from the ditches, rather than from 

 the water applied to the soil. While this 

 is not always the case, it is generally 

 true. It was found that with ditches 

 in heavy clay there was usually a loss 

 equal to a depth of three inches over 

 the whole canal each day. In sandy 

 soils with some degree of clay, the loss 

 might be two feet a day, and in some 

 cases where there was gravel bottom the 

 loss became many times greater. One 

 of the old canals in the suburbs of 

 Greeley was found to lose at the rate of 

 a depth of 27 feet in one day. It is not 

 surprising that an immediate result was 

 the loss of the garden crops below 

 the canal in that part of town. What 

 attracted my attention to the case and 

 led to the measurement being made, 

 was a field of cabbages, full grown, 



with the tops just showing above a 

 lake of water. In this case the canal 

 was an old one and had been "running 

 without any material loss. Some plas- 

 terers had found an excellent supply 

 of sand where the ditch crossed a 

 draw, and, digging into the sand, had 

 thus given the water full chance to 

 leak, which it did very freely. This il- 

 lustrates the fact that cleaning a ditcb 

 often increases the loss. Silting up the 

 canal with clay sediment very greatly 

 reduces the loss. If the sediment is fine 

 sand, the silt may be of little benefit. 

 Sometimes the construction of low dams 

 to hold up the water and let the silt drop 

 has a marked beneficial effect. 



The time has not yet come to gen- 

 erally line the ditches and canals. 

 Measurement of hundreds of miles of 

 ditches has shown that the greatest 

 losses usually occur in limited stretches. 

 Sometimes these may be told by an ex- 

 amination of the soil and the surround- 

 ings, but often they cannot be guessed 

 at from a casual surface examination. 

 The better way is to determine the worst 

 places and then to improve these. The 

 presence of signs of seepage below the 

 canal may sometimes indicate where 



there may be suspected spots. At pres- 

 ent the application of a remedy to the 

 worst places, or an attempt to silt the 

 canal with clay sediment, will do the 

 greatest good at the least expense. 



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Irrigation Institutions, Elwood Mead $1.25 * 



Irrigation in the United States, F. H. Newell 2.00 



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Drainage for Profit and Health, Waring 1.00 



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Land Drainage, Miles 1.00 



Tile Drainage, Chamberlain 40 



Address 



THE IRRIGATION AGE CO. 



112 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO, ILL. 



